Term
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Definition
| Which organ in the body gets about 20% of the cardiac output? |
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Term
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Definition
| Inadequate local or systemic perfusion by blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| What enzyme is affected by cyanide (HCN)? |
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Term
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Definition
| When there is a toxicity, at what level does this occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| If the resistance of the vasculature goes down, what will happen to the pressure? |
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Term
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Definition
What is defined as movement of a liquid?
It could be measured in volume/unit of time. |
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Term
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Definition
What is defined as rate of movement?
It is measured in distance/unit of time. |
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Term
Increase
*like a kinked hose |
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Definition
| If vessels are stenotic, what will happen to the velocity? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the term for the force of blood on a blood vessel? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of environment does the heart want? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are all of the events associated with one heart beat? |
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Term
It remains the same
*the isovolumic contraction is the time where the ventricle is contracting but the pressure has not exceeded the aortic pressure |
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Definition
| During the isovulmic contraction period what happens to the volume in the ventricles? |
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Term
Open
*Closed during diastole |
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Definition
| Is the aortic valve open or closed during systole? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the HR x Stroke Volume? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the impendance against which the heart must work? |
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Term
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Definition
What is the amount of filling of the ventricle at end diastole?
Also known as the amount of stretch applied to the ventricle before it contracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most efficient meter of function of the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| What do the stroke volume and ejection fraction do during exercise? |
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Term
SV - decrease
EF - stay the same |
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Definition
If someone loses alot of blood, what will their SV do?
Ejection Fraction? |
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Term
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Definition
| Both contraction and relaxation are ____ dependent. |
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Term
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Definition
| In ventriclat diastole, what is associated with a sharp fall in ventricular pressure, but constant volume? |
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Term
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Definition
| What begins with opening of the atrioventricular valves and is associated with falling ventricular and atrial pressures and increasing ventricular volume? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is characterized by blood flowing into the ventricles from the periphery (systemic or lungs). During this time there is a gradual increase in ventricular and atrial pressures and ventricular volume |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the interval of time between the start of systole and the opening of the semilunar valves? |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the compression of the LV is in which direction? |
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Term
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Definition
| What phase is characterized by decreasing aortic pressure as runoff of blood from the aorta to the periphery exceeds ventricular output |
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Term
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Definition
| At the end of systole (ejection) this volume of blood is approximately equal to that ejected remains in the ventricular cavities |
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Term
Greater
*ESV = the amt of blood left in the ventricles after contraction |
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Definition
| In a pt with heart failure, is the ESV going to be greater or less than the SV? |
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Term
closed
*this is right as the ventricles are beginning to contract |
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Definition
| Is the mitral valve open or closed during isovolumic contraction? |
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Term
increase
*this will increase venous return |
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Definition
| By inhaling deeply, will you increase or decrease your preload? |
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Term
increase
*more pressure for the heart to pump against |
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Definition
| Would a stenotic valve increase or decrease afterload? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the energy of cardiac muscular contraction? |
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Term
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Definition
| Would shock make someone's inotropy increase or decrease? |
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Term
End systolic volume will be the same
More work for the heart |
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Definition
If you increase the preload of the heart, what will happen to the end-systolic volume?
Is this more or the same work for the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| In people with heart failure, we want to ______ the amount of venous return. |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the SV do when the preload increases? |
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Term
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Definition
| What will happen to the end systolic volume if you increase the afterload? |
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Term
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Definition
| What will happen to the strove volume if you increase the afterload? |
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Term
ESV - it will decrease
SV: increase |
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Definition
What happens to the end-systolic volume if you increase inotropy?
What about stroke volume? |
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Term
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Definition
| Pulmonary edema can be a secondary effect of a person with _____ dysfunction. |
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Term
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Definition
| What will happen to the uptake of Calcium in the SR if ischemia occurs? |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium being taken up by the SR can be enhanced by what activation? |
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Term
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Definition
| What two things does cardiac work depend on? |
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Term
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Definition
| If you increase the resistance and the flow stays the same, what will the pressure do? |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure = ________ x resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| heart rate x stroke volume = ________ |
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Term
| end diastolic - end systolic volume |
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Definition
| How is stroke volume calculated? |
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Term
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Definition
| What normalizes Cardiac Output between individuals of varying body mass? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the ability to store blood volume under pressure? |
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Term
venous compliance
*much more able to store blood under pressure
like when you sit for awhile |
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Definition
| Which is greater, arterial compliance or venous compliance? |
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Term
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Definition
| Are arteries or veins more capable of resistance? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where do catecholamines come from? |
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Term
increase - ALOT
*doesn't take alot of constricing to affect the resistance |
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Definition
| If a blood vessel slightly constricts what will happen to the resistance? |
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Term
c. capillaries
*they do not have smooth muscle in them |
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Definition
If norepinephrine is given to vasoconstrict vessels, which vessels will not be affected?
a. arteries
b. veins
c. capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| What structures of the heart hold the diastolic blood pressure above 0? |
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Term
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Definition
| As we age, what happens to our MAP's? |
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Term
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Definition
| What happens to the pressure as you get further away from the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| Is systemic circulation pressure more or less than pulmonary circulation pressure? |
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Term
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Definition
Pressure = flow x resistance
What is the dependent variable? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which receptors does norepinephrine act upon? |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase plasma epinephrine is going to _____ the HR and ________ the Stroke Volume. |
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Term
| it will decrease b/c the SV decreases b/c there is less time for the heart to fill |
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Definition
| If a person has tachycardia, what will happen to the CO? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which hormone is a neurotransmitter and a circulating catecholamine? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the main action of a Beta 2 receptor? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the main action of an Alpha 1 receptor? |
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Term
| increased HR & contractility |
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Definition
| What is the main action of an Beta 1 receptor? |
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Term
| Mobilizes glucose use for energy |
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Definition
| What is the Beta effect on fat cells & muscle cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha hormones increase the _____ contraction in the genitourinary system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of what enhances the opening for Calcium to get through to the cardiac muscle and increase contraction? |
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Term
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Definition
| If bloodflow is decreased to the kidneys, what will their juxtaglomerular cells secrete? |
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Term
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Definition
| Renin act on _______ to make angiotensin I. |
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Term
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) |
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Definition
| Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by what? |
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Term
Vasoconstrictor
Increases |
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Definition
| Angiotensin II is a potent ______ and _____ total peripheral resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What hormone promotes sodium and water reabsorption of the kidneys? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the ADH horome in humans? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is ADH released from? |
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Term
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Definition
| ADH causes water to be ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| During what stage is the L ventricle receiving its perfusion? |
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Term
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Definition
| A trained athlete will have a _____ HR and a _____ SV. |
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