Term
| Which disease uses the most medicare dollars? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which a problem with the structure or function of the heart impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill or eject blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Dyspnea, dry cough, fatigue |
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Term
| Pts w/ h/o MI most likely have systolic or diastolic left HF? |
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Definition
| systolic (HTN in diastolic) |
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Term
| Is EF diminished in systolic or diastolic dysfunction in (L) HF? |
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Definition
| systolic - <50% (normal or elevated in diastolic) |
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Term
| What murmur is common in systolic dysfunction in (L) HF? |
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Definition
| mitral valve regurgitation |
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Term
| Pulsus alternans is almost a/w indicative of what? What is it? |
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Definition
| (L)systolic HF, alternating strong and weak beats in pulse |
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Term
| Pulsus alternans is almost a/w indicative of what? What is it? |
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Definition
| (L)systolic HF, alternating strong and weak beats in pulse |
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Term
| Which shows cardiomegaly on CXR, systolic or diastolic dysfunction? |
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Definition
| systolic due to dilated ventricle (normal in diastolic) |
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Term
| What heart sounds are heard in systolic dysfunction? Diastolic? |
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Definition
| sys - S3 gallop, dia - S4 gallop |
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Term
| Which shows LV hypertrophy on EKG, systolic or diastolic dysfunction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of systolic HF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second most commmon cause of systolic HF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most likely type of HF in a 75 yo female w/ HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of (R) HF? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Anorexia 2) ABd pain/dist. 3)Peripheral swelling 4) Nasal congestion 5) Dyspnea and chest discomfort on exertion 6) Wt gain |
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Term
| What murmurs occur in (R) HF? |
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Definition
| tricuspid regurg, and pulmonic regurg. |
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Term
| Impaired contractility of the (L) ventricle is in systolic or diastolic dysfunction? Impaired relaxation? |
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Definition
| Contractility - systolic, relaxation - diastolic |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) JVD 2) Hepatomegaly 3) Ascites 4) Peripheral edema 5) (R) sided S3 |
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Term
| Low output failure occurs in what? What does it cause? |
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Definition
| Systolic HF, cold extremities and narrow pulse pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Pulmonary arterial HTN 2) (L) heart dz 3) Pulmonary dz 4) THromboembolic dz |
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Term
| 3 common causes of decompensation? |
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Definition
| 1) Dietary Na intake 2) Medical noncompliance 3) Arrhythmia |
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Term
| 3 common causes of HF in the western world? |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 conditions that cause high output states and are uncommon causes of HF? |
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Definition
| 1) anemia 2) thyrotoxicosis 3) Beriberi 4) AV fistula |
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Term
| Which of the following is not involved in the pathophysiology of HF? a) ANS b) Renin angiotensin system c) ACTH-cortisol system d) Aldosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the ANS in HF? |
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Definition
| Increased symp. activity (NE). Increased contractility and tachycardia worsen ischemia (can trigger VT or SCD) |
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Term
| What is the effect of angiotensin in HF? |
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Definition
| vasoconstrictor causing increased SVR, stim. aldosterone |
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Term
| What is the effect of aldosterone on HF? |
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Definition
| increases renal Na retention - hypertrophy and fibrosis of myocardium and vascular smooth mus. - reduced vascular compliance and vent. diastolic dysfxn |
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Term
| All are considered bad guys when it comes to HF except? a) epinephrine b) natriuretic peptide c) NE d) angiotensis e) aldosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the set of criteria for HF called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1) pulsus alterans 2) low grade fever 3) Cheyne stokes respiration 4) cardiac cachexia |
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Term
| What lab is considered diagnostic for HF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most useful test to dx HF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 classes of HF? |
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Definition
| 1) No limitations in phys. activity 2) Slight limits 3) Marked limits 4) Sx at rest |
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Term
| What 2 drugs are used to tx everyone w/ HF? |
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Definition
| ACEI/ARBs and beta blockers |
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Term
| What meds are given to HF pts in the congestive state? |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the following have been shown to prolong survival except? a) ARBs b) Beta blockers c) ACEI d) Digoxin |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drugs used to tx HF cause hypokalemia? Hyperkalemia? |
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Definition
| Diuretics, spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) |
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Term
| The suffix -prils indicates what type of med? - tan? - olol? |
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Definition
| ACEI, ARBs, beta-blockers |
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Term
| What are side effects of ACEI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are side effects of ACEI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which drugs cause worsening of renal function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs can worsen HF if started in high doses or in acute CHF? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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