Term
| what is ventricular septal defect most common in? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do you see mostly with right to left shunting |
|
Definition
polycytaenia and cyanosis
can see in PDA, Ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of fallot |
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|
Term
| how do you treat a ventricular septal defect? |
|
Definition
surgery-pulmonary artery banding
reduce CHF |
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|
Term
| Tricuspid valve dysplasia is common in what dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can you see with tricuspid valve dysplasia |
|
Definition
right sided heart failure
ascites
pulmonary under perfusion |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat tricuspid valve dysplasia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the thought cause for DCM |
|
Definition
| taurine deficiency or L-carnitine defic in myocardium |
|
|
Term
| what dogs are common for DCM |
|
Definition
| Great dane, irish wolfhound, boxers, doberman |
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|
Term
| what clinical signs do you see with DCM? |
|
Definition
pallor
weak pulses
poor CO
coughing, dyspnoea, exercise intolerance
apical murmur |
|
|
Term
| What might you see on ddx for DCM |
|
Definition
cardiomegaly
LCHF or RCHF signs
ECG
tall R wave, wide P wave |
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|
Term
|
Definition
AFP
ace inhibitors, frusemide, pimobendan and recheck electrolytres and serum |
|
|
Term
| What is thought to be the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? |
|
Definition
thought to be lethal mutation in sarcomere gene.
Main coons, Ragdolls |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs with HCM? |
|
Definition
Coughing, dyspnea, exercise intolerance
muffled heart and poor chest compliance
hindlimb pareses-aortic thromboemboli
apical murmur |
|
|
Term
| What might you see on diagnosis for HCM |
|
Definition
LCHF, cardiomegaly
wide p, tall R wave |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathophysiology of HCM |
|
Definition
| Left ventricular enlargement-not proper filling for diastole, left atrial enlargement-Left sided heart failure. sometimes get mitral valve insufficiency if gets sucked through ventricular outflow tract during systole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BACD A
beta blockers, ace inhibitors, calcium channel antagonists, diuretics, aspirin every 3rd day. |
|
|
Term
| breeds for mitral valve disease |
|
Definition
| bull terrier, great danes |
|
|
Term
| treatment for mitral valve dysplasia |
|
Definition
surgery
prosthetic
management of LCHF |
|
|
Term
| breed for pulmonic stenosis |
|
Definition
| boxers, bulldogs, cocker spaniels |
|
|
Term
| see on xray for pulmonic stenosis |
|
Definition
right atrioventricular enlargement-tall p wave
post stenotic bulge |
|
|
Term
| management for pulmonic stenosis |
|
Definition
medical
beta blockers
balloon valvuloplasty
surgery to reduce obstruction |
|
|
Term
| is aortic stenosis subvalvular or vavular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is pulmonic stenosis subvavular or valvular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breed for aortic stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| management for aortic stenosis |
|
Definition
prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis
exercise restriction
beta blockers
surgical balloon stenosis procedure |
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|
Term
| feline restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| like HCM but with different echo findings. atrial enlargement but not ventricular hypetrophy. thought to be a progression towards HCM> |
|
|
Term
| what is assoc. with secondary HCM in cats |
|
Definition
| hypertension, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like HCM, thought to be endstage HCM, mixed echo findings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cats have a higher platelet per body mass. when blood slushes in atria, platelets aggregrate and form thrombi and hence can get stuck in external iliac and renal arteris.
Heparin is used to prevent thromboemboli, aspirin to prevent aggregation
analgesia as well. pain eases in 3-4 days and should be resolved in 14 days. |
|
|
Term
| which valves does valvular endocardiosis mostly effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which dogs for valvular endocardiosis |
|
Definition
| CKCs, poodles ,small breed dogs |
|
|
Term
| treatment for valvular endocardiosis |
|
Definition
FASD
fruseomide, ace inhibitor, spironolactone, digoxin if afib present |
|
|
Term
| classiffications of heart failure |
|
Definition
1a-minimal cardiomegaly
1b) cardiomegaly
2) exercise intolerance
3a) home care possible
3b) hospitalisation needed |
|
|
Term
| what are some distinguishing clinical signs for bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| pyrexia, shifting lameness, murmur depends on valve involved |
|
|
Term
| treatment for bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
antibiotics for 4-6 weeks ex. penicillin, cephalosporin
based on blood culture-try to |
|
|
Term
| breed for pericardial effusions |
|
Definition
| golden, st bernards, boxers-chemodectomas, GSD-haemangiosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| specific clinical signs for pericardial effusion |
|
Definition
hepatomegaly, ascites, heart sound muffled,
jug vein distenstion, weak pulses |
|
|
Term
| what might you see on an xray of pericardial effusion |
|
Definition
| cardiomegaly, distended caudal vena cava |
|
|
Term
| treatment for pericardiocentesis |
|
Definition
between 5-6th intercostal space
jug catheter
ECG while going
does blood clott?- shouldnt |
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|
Term
| Angiostrongylosis pathophysiology |
|
Definition
adult worms in pulmonary artery and right ventricle.
eggs are laid into pulmonary parenchyma, coughed up and swallowed and passed into faces.
SNAILS are int. host
dogs eat snails-migrate from intestine through lymphatic system or hepatic portal vessel into right heart. |
|
|
Term
| where can you find stage 1 of angiostrongylosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment for angiostrongylosis |
|
Definition
fenbendazole and moxidectin
cage rest-prevent thrombo
severe-cotricoid steroids to lower inflamm response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in pulmonary arteris, pass through mosquito- once injected migrate and moult-> mature in pulmonary arteries.
Female worms produce microfilaria-into circulation- can lead to local blood vessel changes and cause pulmonary hypertension-> RCHF
also can cause local inflamm response in pulmonary parenchyma |
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|
Term
| cats with dirofilariasis can mimic what other disease? |
|
Definition
| feline asthma, lethary, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| what specific signs can you see on echo for animals with heart worm |
|
Definition
equal sign on echo
right ventricular enlargment |
|
|
Term
| How can you test for heart worm |
|
Definition
1. microfilaria-blood smear
2. microfilaria-ab test
3. adult females- ELISA |
|
|
Term
| How can you treat heart worm |
|
Definition
adulticides- melarsomine, cage rest, corticoid steroids if severe
surgical removal
microfilaricidal therapy- avermectin |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat cat heart worm |
|
Definition
you cant
supportive therapy |
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