Term
| What are the names of the two AV valves in the Heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the direction of the arteries and veins in the pulmonary circulatory system |
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Definition
arteries: to the lungs
veins: back to the heart |
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Term
| Describe the direction of the arteries and veins in the systemic circulatory system |
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Definition
arteries: to the rest of the body
veins: back to the heart |
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Term
| Why is the heart separated into two parts? |
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Definition
| To prevent the mixing of (de)oxygenated blood |
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Term
| What are the major functions of the CVS? |
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Definition
- Transport oxygen/CO2 to and from the lungs/tissues
- Transport of nutrients (from intestines to tissues, to/from liver, to/from fat)
- Transports wastes
- Transports heat (from inside to the skin)
- Transport horomones: endocrine glands to target cells
- Carrying immune cells
- Stabilize internal environment (buffers: pH, ions, etc.) |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the pericardium? |
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Definition
Parietal Layer: outside layer
Pericardial Cavity: Fluid-filled Space
Visceral layer: Inside layer, attached to heart wall |
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Term
| What is the pericardium? Explain its function. |
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Definition
2 layers of connective tissue with a cavity
- prevents over-sizing/overstretching of the heart
- fluid-filled cavity for some allowed movement |
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Term
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Definition
Mainly serve as reservoirs
- help transfer blood to the vesicles |
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Term
| What is the function of the ventricles? |
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Definition
| To propel blood into pulmonary and systemic circulation |
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Term
| Of what layers is the heart wall composed? (outside-in) |
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Definition
| Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium |
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Term
| What separates the halves of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The epithelium covering the inner surface of the heart |
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Term
| What do the AV valves separate? |
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Definition
| the atria and the ventricles |
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Term
| What do the semilunar valves separate? |
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Definition
| the aorta and pulmonary artery from the left and right ventricles, respectively |
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Term
| Of what are the heart valves composed? |
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Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue attached to a fibrous ring |
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Term
| T or F: The opening and closing of the valves relies on a "passive" mechanism |
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Definition
| True! It's dependent only on blood pressure |
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Term
When the ventricles (a/b/c/d), the ventricular pressure is...
a) relax
b) fill
c) contract
d) empty |
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Definition
a) lower
b) higher
c) higher
d) lower |
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Term
When the ventricles (a/b/c/d), the AV valves are...
a) relax
b) fill
c) contract
d) empty |
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Definition
a) open
b) closed
c) open
d) closed |
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Term
| What are the great blood vessels (four)? |
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Definition
Arteries: Pulmonary Artery & Aorta
Veins: Vena Cava & Pulmonary Vein |
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Term
| Briefly describe the cycle of blood *once it leaves the heart |
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Definition
| Aorta -> Arteries that branch off -> small arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins |
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Term
| Discuss the pressure and resistance in Pulmonary & Systemic Circulation |
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Definition
Pulmonary: low pressure; low resistance; highly distensible
Systemic: high pressure; high resistance |
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Term
| T or F: Work done by the right ventricle is greater than that done by the left (Bonus: Why/Why not?) |
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Definition
| False, the left ventricle does 5-7x more work (to pump blood to the whole body) |
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Term
| T or F: The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| To which four places does the left side of the heart pump the most blood? |
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Definition
| (in order) Kidneys, skeletal muscle, digestive tract, brain |
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Term
| The phase of contraction of the heart is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase of relaxation (filling) of the heart is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The atria and ventricles all contract at the same time |
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Definition
| False; both atria contract simultaneously, while both the ventricles contract 0.1 to 0.2 seconds later (also simultaneously) |
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