Term
| Where does the aortic arch transmit baro/chemoreceptor info to? |
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Definition
| Vagus nerve to the medulla |
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Term
| Where does the carotid sinus transmit baro/chemoreceptor info to? |
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Definition
| glossopharyngeal nerve to solitary nucleus of the medulla |
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Term
| What change in bp does the aortic arch respond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What change in bp does the carotid sinus respond to? |
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Definition
| Both increase and decrease in bp |
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Term
| How does decreased bp affect the carotid sinus? |
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Definition
decreases afferent firing, causing increased efferent sympathetic firing to increase bp
(increases vasoconstriction, HR, and contractility) |
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Term
| How does increased bp affect the carotid sinus and aortic arch? |
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Definition
| Increased pressure increases afferent firing, causing decrease in BP |
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Term
| Describe Cushing reaction |
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Definition
| Increased intracranial pressure constricts arterioles. This causes hypertension and reflex bradycardia. |
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Term
| What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to? |
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Definition
When PO2<60 mmHg, or decrease in pH
(in aortic and carotid bodies) |
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Term
| What do central chemoreceptors respond to? |
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Definition
| Decrease pH or increased CO2 |
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Term
| Which organ has the largest share of systemic cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organ has the highest blood flow per gram of tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a pressure-related finding in Mitral stenosis? |
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Definition
| Pulmonary wedge pressure (equivalent to left atrial pressure) is >LV diastolic pressure |
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Term
| Name 5 right to left shunts causing early cyanosis (blue babies) |
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Definition
The 5 T's:
Tetrology of fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (pulmonary veins drain into right heart) |
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Term
| What is tricuspid atresia? |
|
Definition
absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle
Requires both ASD and VSD for viability |
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Term
| Name 3 causes of left to right shunts (late cyanosis, blue kids) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Eisenmenger's syndrome? |
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Definition
| uncorrected left to right shunt (via VSD, ASD, or PDA) will eventually cause pulmonary vascular hypertrophy and the shunt will reverse to right to left (see late cyanosis) |
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Term
| What are the 4 components of Tetrology of Fallot? |
|
Definition
Pulmonary stenosis (determines the severity/ prognosis)
RVH
Overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
VSD |
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Term
| What causes physical anomalies of Tetrology of Fallot? |
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Definition
| anteriorsuperior displacement of the infundibular septum |
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Term
| What might a child with Tetrology of Fallot be observed doing? |
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Definition
| Squatting- it increases TPR to decrease the right to left shunt |
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Term
| Describe transposition of the Great Vessels and its cause |
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Definition
aorta leaves the RV and pulmonary trunk leaves the LV causing 2 parallel circulations that never mix
Can only live if there's a shunt somewhere (VSD, ASD)
Caused by failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral |
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Term
| What does Tetrology of Fallot look like on CXR? |
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Definition
| Boot-shaped heart (due to RVH) |
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