WHITE NOISE

(WHITE SOUND)

This involves the use of background sound, on a low level, to "mask" the noise generally created in the work place.

Red

Green

Blue

Used in computer graphics

POSITIVE LANGUAGE:

WRITING

PSYCHOLOGICAL FORMAT

(DEDUCTIVE WRITING)

Material is presented as follows:

1. Introduction

2. Conclusions

3.Recommendations

4. Analysis and findings.

ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

(OD)

CHRONOLOGICAL FORMAT

(WRITING)

Material Presented as follows:

1. Introduction

2. Analysis and findings

3. Conclusions

4. Recommendations

All lines begin at left margin, except the date line, complimentary closing, and signature lines, which should begin at the center point:

Date

body text

Complimentary closing

T-GROUP 

(TRAINING GROUP)

1. Who

2. What

3. Why

4. When

5. Where

and

6. HOW

LOGICAL FORMAT

(WRITING)

Material is presented as follows:

1. Intro

2. Analysis and findings

3. Conclusions

4. Recommendations

COMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS

abeyance

baccalaureate

canceled

concede

hindrance

judgment

pneumatic

rhythm

traveling

Rich Tex Format:

document format developed by Microsoft Corp. toa llow for the saving of data while maintaining document formatting such as fonts and margins used. 

Network with uniform communication standards (Integrated Services Digital Network). Interface statndards have been implemented to make possible the communication of data and signals between various types of equipment used.

LANs 

(LOCAL ARE NETWORKS)

Software that can assist in locating devices that are connected to your computer and assisting in the driver installation (or re-installation) process.

In Windows-based systems can be used to help locate and troubleshoot all components related to the computer system.

The way software, hardware or both that are set up; and software settings that enable computers to communicate.

Computer system components; the physical arrangement of system components (what file is where); software settings enabling computer components to communicate (with fax or modem)

Delegating- turn over responsibilities to followers

Participating- share ideas and help in the decision-making process

Selling- explain decisions made and allow the chance for clarification

Telling- give instructions and supervise work carefully

• Time is taken for parties to become aquainted
• Background and basic info shared
• Effort made by one party to persuade another toward the first party's point of view.
• Negotiation is concluded through finalization of an agreement or contract. 

Financial statement showing the relationship between assets, liabilities and owner's equity at a specified date (often called the statement of financial condition)

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

1. software that adds features to a large software program
2. software extending a web broser's capability by allowing browser to run multimedia files

prefix meaning "information about"

used in HTML documents

Contain info that makes it easier for search enginges to categorize web pages accordingn to key word or subject

ALPHABETIC FILING RULES: 

ORGANIZATION NAMES

• index names in order written
• index compound geographic names as separate unit
• do not spell out abbreviations
• arabic numbers considered as unit and filed before alphabetic characters
• number followed by hyphen and letter or hyphen and word is considered a single unit 

HyperText Markup Language - used to create documents on WWW; various tags are used to specify when to begin and end format and layout specifics within a document 

ex: when to begin bolding of text, insert <BOLD>; to end text bolding, insert </BOLD>

AMS

(AMERICAN MANAGEMENT SOCIETY)

SIMPLIFIED LETTER

all lines are blocked to the left margin of the letter. A subjectline, in all capital letters, begins 3 spaces down from the address material; the body of the letter begins 3 spaces down from the subject line. 

All text blocked to left margin.

Libary classification system using 6 digits

3 digits precede the decimal (general classification such as "business") 

Final 3 numbers reference the book location in the classification.

sequential series of dots indicating material has been omitted. 

Also used to tie material together (drawing eye to chapter in table of contents)

1. halo/horn problem - rating ap erosn high or low because of the supervisory bias
2. leniency- giving higher or lower than desreved ratings
3. recency- appraising by supervisor based on most recently rememebered factors
4. similarity - rating others based on and compared to special supervisory qualities
5. central tendency - rating based around midpoint or average category level
6. tendency to minimize differences between employees.

• repeat question in case no one heard and to clarify
• keep responses brief and to the point
• if you dont have an answer, say so OR consider: 1- ask if someone else would like to respond, 2- indicate that you will find the answer at a later date

ALPHABETIC FILING RULES:

GOVERNMENT UNIT NAMES

-by name of the entity that has direct responsibility or jurisdiction over the organization (first)

- by function of the organization or agency (second)

- by designation of organization (third)

Other rules apply

ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE

• storage space
• perservation of record
• duplication ease
• distribution costs
• making of additional copies
• coding and indexing capability

CONFUSING WORDS:

COMPLIMENT

COMPLEMENT

COMPLIMENT- say something good abotu someone; praise; polite greeting

COMPLEMENT- something that completes or makes percfect

factors which relate to work itself, not merely to hygiene factors (good environment). 

ex: work itself, achievement, recognition, advancement and growth, and responsibility

program that is comprised of a set of instructions to be processed by another application or utility 

ex: batch file

In Japan, an approach is used where individuals think of change as good. They call it kai (change) and zen (good). 

The focus is on method and procedure improvement.

line shown on display screen of desktop publisher or word processor; the line measures the page in terms of points, picas, inches of cm.

Helpful in setting margins and tabs in document.

process of funds transfer initiated using automatic teller machine, electronic terminal, computer, magnetic tape, or telephone. 

take place by credit card and using automated bill payment processes. 

CLOSING SYMBOLS 

(NEW RELEASES)

# # #

(or)

##

(or)

-30-

(or)

- 30 -

(use at the end of the release)

DATA BANK

(DATA BASE)

formulating a message and expression of a message by one individual to one or more other persons

(sent verbally and non-verbally)

ILLUSTRATIVE QUESTION

(CUSTOMER SERVICE)

PUNCTUATION:

BRACKETS

[ ] are used for the following:

1. identify INSERTED material (it was a meloncholy [sic] scene)
2. identify parenthetical material within other parenthetical material (Mary is a member of the professional admin association group [timp valley chapter])

image print extending to the edge of the paper

The image is bleeding

OPEN PUNCTUATION

(LETTERS)

Do NOT punctuate in the salutation line or complimentary closing 

Dear Mr. Smith (Salutation)

Sincerely Yous (closing)

Digital Subscriber Line 

providing home computers access to office networks and the Internet

location of assigned numbers used in a numeric storage system. 

highest numbers are most currently-assigned.  

used for the assignement of new files as they are needed

Revenues - Expenses

(normally final figure on income statement)

1. Departmentalization
2. Establishment of authority relationship
3. decentralization or dvision of work
4. determination fo the structure of the organization

Numbers one through ten:

spell out in documents

Numbers over ten:

Write in figure form

Always write temperatures, measurements, scores, election results, quotations from martkets, and chemistry terminology in figure form

MIXED PUNCTUATION

(LETTERS)

use a colon after the salutation and comma after the complimentary closing

Dear Madame:

Yours Truly,

digital data unit

data is setn via these units across the internet; when all the message units sent are received at the destination point, they are reunited in the proper order

CONFUSING WORDS:

EFFECT

AFFECT

Affect: to influence; modify; pretend to have or feel (verb)

Effect: result or impression (noun)

to accomplish or bring about (verb)

1. document originated
2. document stored and retrieved, as needed
3. document identified for disposal or permanent keeping
4. document copied, preserved, or destroyed

POSITIVE LETTERS: 

APPROACH

NEGATIVE (BAD NEWS) LETTERS: 

APPROACH

CONFUSING WORDS:

ADVISE

ADVICE

Advise: to recommend or to counsel (verb)

Advice: opinion about what to do; recommendation (noun)

information such as printed research material, field notes from direct observations, and interviews.

It is: 

• subjective
• not usually quantifiable or used in making quantitative comparisons

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH: 

STANDARD BOOK

Exmaple:

Turabian, Kate L., A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations (Xth Edition), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 20XX.

storage area where datat are temporarily kept. 

copying and pasting

1. program or system in which the software source code is avialable to the public for use or modification at no charge
2. OSI certification standard that indicates that specific software source code is available at no charge to the public; special stipulations are attached to such software use

approach involving the authority of one's office to reward subordinate efforts.

individulas guide followers in the direction of their setting goals. 

also clarify task and role issues and requirements

1. Network identifcation: Locate the right peropel to connect with
2. Network building: Reinforce relationships with individuals in the network
3. Network Maintenance: Provide on-going support of network members

FLOW PROCESS CHART

(WORK SIMPLIFICATION CHART)

Electronic Data Interchange

- involves transfer of datat from one computer to another.

Electronic forms play a key role in this process.

PUNCTUATION:

BRACES

{ }  

used to join related material, often in legal documents, tables, and graphics work. 

all lines begin at the left margin of the letter:

Date

Address

Salutation

Body

Complimentary closing

Signature

intersection or meeting point of the following three factors involed in leadership transaction:

• leader
• follower(s)
• situation

use figures in cases of mixed numbers. Leave a space between the whole number and the fraction expressed

(ex: 25 1/2 meters)

Be consistent. If numbers larger than ten are part of the sentence, write all numbers in figure form 

(ex: 2 and 14 secretaries)

INDUCTIVE STYLE:

WRITING

DEDUCTIVE STYLE:

WRITING

TOPIC SENTENCE: 

WRITING

ALPHABETIC FILING RULES:

PERSONS' NAMES

• List names in the following order (do not use periods after name initials in filing)

Last name (first)

First name or initial (second)

Middle name or initial (third)

other rules also apply

spell out the word "percent" or "per cent" following figures. 

In technical writing, use "%"

MAGNETIC-INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION 

(MICR)

if receipts exceed cash on hand:

Debit: Cash Short (and in the Journal)

Credit: Sales (Revenue) Account

expense account (Debit)

Cash account (credit)

to replenish petty cash fund

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH:

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Example:

Secretaries Honor Local Certification REcipients, Louisville Examiner, December 10, 20XX, page A

PROOFREADING SYMBOLS

Ξ Capitalize (for upper case)

circle with arrows (close up the spacing)

curly cue is for deletion

^ Insertion

lc  Lower case

Paragraph symbol

sp in circle is for spelling

~ transposition

a number recording error that occurs when the accountant slides figures to the right or left. 

Ex: entering 200 as 20 or 2,000. Each of these error types must be located so the statement balances properly

VOLATILITY

(NON-VOLITILITY)

automatic sending of electronic data from one party to another 

ex: news broadcast info. sent to a specific individual at regular intervals

• Personal (individual characteristics)
• Position (one's position of status)
• Reward (rewards one can provide)
• Coercive (force or control one individual exert)
• Experct (special knowledge)
• Legitimate (role, position, or other atributes)
• Referent  (identification of one person with another)

1. recognize business transactions
2. record transactions or documents
3. analyze the transactions
4. journalize the transactions
5. post the journal entries to ledger accounts
6. take a trial balance
7. adjust the general ledger accounts
8. prepare the worksheet for the period end
9. prepare statements
10. jouranlized adjusting & closing entries
11. post adjusting & closing entires; close temporary accounts
12. balance and rule the open accounts
13. take a post-closing trial balance

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH: 

MAGAZINE ARTICLE

• microfilm
• microfiche
• ultrafiche
• jacket
• aperture card

COMPUTER-BASED MESSAGE SYSTEM

(CBMS)

PPMI 

(CUSTOMER SERVICE)

Personally

Pleaseing

Memorable

Interactions

The goal of customer service

media on which microimages are stored. 

access is attained through either manual or automated processes

permit issued by a nation to one of its citizens granting permission to travel to foreign countries. They may be required for travel between the US and Canada. 

Include photo ID and are valid for 10 years in the US

bank demand deposits and currency make up money (or medium of exchange) in our economy. 

Money may be used as a form of deferred payment, a  measure of quantity, and as a standard of value and store of value

• cash flow & budgetary control
• equipment maintenance contracted out
• lessee is potential financer
• protection against obsolescence
• tax benefit potential
• bypass capital expenditures approval
• special equipment lease packages

proces of data transfer that takes place in a continuous, even flow.

This term is used in connection with audio and video data transmitted over the Internet.

CONFUSING WORDS:

THEIR

THERE

THEY'RE

There: in or at the place (adverb); used to introduce a sentence or clause

Their: of or belonging to them (possessive adverb)

They're: contraction for "they are"

CONFUSING WORDS:

SITE

CITE

SIGHT

Sight: thing seen; power of seeing, vision; device to assist in taking aim or observing

Site: position or place of anything, as the landing site

Cite: quote something or someone; refer to; mention as an example, summon to appear, as before a law court

CONFUSING WORDS:

PRINCIPAL

PRINCIPLE

Principle: fundamental belief; rule of action or conduct

Principal: Most important, main (adj); leader; capital sum; head of school (noun)

1. sudden system failure caused by a computer's operating syste, a software bug, or incompatibility of software and the operating system
2. in the case of disks havnig this problem, it is due to sectors of the disk becoming unreadable for various reasons

a hardware device located outside the main computer 

(ex: printers, disk drives, and scanners)