Term
| Over 50% of human cancers have a mutation in the gene for ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What genetic defect causes Li Fraumeni syndrome? |
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Definition
| one mutated copy of p53 (leads to multiple cancers at a young age) |
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Term
| T/F Virus can immediately cause cancer (within days). |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a "flower cell" characteristic of? |
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Definition
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Term
| 100% of patients with ATL are seropositive for what virus? |
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Definition
HTLV-1, only 1-4% of infected individuals develop cancer
occurs 20-30 years after infection |
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Term
| What is Kaposi's sarcoma? |
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Definition
| multicentric neoplasm consisting of multiple vascular nodules in skin, mucous membranes, and viscera rare cancer found in elderly mediterranean males but also associated with HIV and human herpes virus 8 |
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Term
| EBV is associated with what cancers? |
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Definition
| Burkitt's lymphoma (96% of Africans and 30% of Americans), Nasopharyngeal cancer (100%), Hodgkin's disease (50%), Immunoblastic lymphomas (100%), lymphoproliferative disorder (100%), Gastric carcinoma (10%) |
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Term
| Nasopharyngeal cancer is common in what populations? |
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Definition
| common in southern china and certain native Americans |
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Term
| What populations have high rates of HOdgkin's disease? |
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Definition
| 3rd world, hispanic men, and HIV+ |
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Term
| How is Hodgkin's disease linked to EBV? |
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Definition
| you find EBV DNA in Reed-Sternberg cell |
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Term
| What diseases/situations are associated with immunoblastic lymphomas? |
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Definition
| immunosuppression of T cells, HIV, bone marrow transplant, renal transplant |
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Term
| Lymphoproliferative disorder occurs commonly after... |
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Definition
| transplant (2% renal/liver, 5% cardiac, 1% bone marrow) |
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Term
| HEP B increases your risk of liver cancer by... |
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Definition
| 100% (but takes over 30 years to develope cancer) find DNA in 85% of cases |
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Term
| Polyomavirus is associated with what cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| HPV is associated with what class of cancers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What oncogenes are associated with HPV infection? |
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Definition
| E6 (binds and degrades p53) and E7 (binds Rb, a tumor suppressor gene) |
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Term
| HIV is associated with what infection/cancer pairs? |
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Definition
| lymphoma/EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma/HHV-8, anogenital malignancies/HPV, leimyomas and leimyosarcomas in children/EBV |
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Term
| T/F Both cancer and viruses can down regulate the HLA expression. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Overexpression of a normal protein by tumor cell can be recognized by MHC I by T cells as abnormal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Because tumors don't cause inflammation, ____ is given to pts with bladder cancer to cause tumor cell recognition. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of human cancers down-regulate MHC class I? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased MIC protein expression is seen on what types of cancers? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do tumors stimulate anergy? |
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Definition
lack of co-stimulation (dendritic cells lack B7)
some tumors secrete cytokines that inhibit the immune response |
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Term
| What's the name of the hep B vaccine? |
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Definition
| recombinivax-HB or energerix-B, recombinant yeast HepB surface antigen |
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Term
| Gardasil contains which HPV strains? Cerverix? |
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Definition
Gardasil- 16, 18, 6, 11
Cerverix- 16, 18 |
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Term
| How do you vaccinate against HPV? |
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Definition
| DNA vaccine with E6 ad E7 genes (for women <25) or heat shock proteins with E6 and E7 proteins (men or women with genital warts), or peptides of E6 and E7 proteins |
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Term
| How do you vaccinate against Melanoma? |
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Definition
| peptides from MAGE3 antigen |
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Term
| How do you increase co-stimulation to fight cancer? |
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Definition
| anti-CTLA4 so CD28 can bind to B7 |
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Term
| What is anti-HER2/neu protein? |
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Definition
| Trastuzumab, to treat breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| Alemtuzumab to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
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Term
| What is anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)? |
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Definition
cetruximab for colorectal and head and neck cancer
OR panitumumab for colorectal cancer |
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Term
| What is anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gemtuzumab for acute myelogenous leukemia |
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Term
| What are three different types of anti-CD20 used to treat non-hodgkin's lymphoma? |
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Definition
| ibritumomab, tositumomab, rituximab |
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Term
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Definition
| when an Ab is complexed with a toxin in order to degrade tumor cell DNA after endocytosis or to irradiate the tumor cell |
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Term
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Definition
leukocyte activated killers
made when you take leukocytes from a cancer patient, activate them to go after the tumor, then infuse them back into the patient with IL-2 |
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