Term
| cancer cells that leave primary tumor, travel through lymphatic and blood vessels and colonize distance sites; poor prognosis |
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Definition
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Term
| imbalance in cell proliferation and cell death (apoptosis) |
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Definition
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Term
- failure of early detection
-100% kill required
-drug resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer cells lack________ |
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Definition
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Term
| when normal cells touch each other they normally stop growing and this maintains tissue architecture. This is called _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| these are used when a tumor is accessible |
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Definition
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Term
| these cancer treatments are used when the tissue is not accessible |
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Definition
1. chemotherapy
2. hormonal therapy
3. antibodies and immunotherapy
4. combinations |
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Term
| this cancer drug resistance is the loss/mutation of tumor supressors |
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Definition
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Term
| this cancer drug resistance is when the tumor responds to single drug initially but over time develops resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| the loss of this enzyme in about half of all tumors causes therapeutic resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| acquired resistance is usually due to the loss of a cell surface pump called ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| bone marrow suppression, increased risk of infection, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, wasing, alopecia, reproductive system damage, neurotoxcitity, dna damage |
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Definition
| side effects of chemotherapy |
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Term
| how do you minimize side effects for chemo? |
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Definition
| optimize the way and amount of drug given on an intermittent basis |
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Term
| why is combination therapy important? |
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Definition
| reduces the likelihood of resistance |
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Term
| why is combination therapy important? |
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Definition
| reduces the likelihood of resistance |
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Term
| drugs that really target the causative molecular abnormalities at work |
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Definition
| rationally-designed drugs |
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Term
| these don't target the tumor at all, but enable the patient to tolerate toxic chemotherapy better |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what do cancer drugs inhibit? |
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Definition
| DNA synthesis, division, RNA divison |
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Term
| chemotherapeutic drugs active only in specific cell cycle phases |
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Definition
| cell cycle specific (CCS) |
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Term
| CCS drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis |
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Definition
| antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors |
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Term
| CCS drugs that inhibit chromosome segregation in the M phase |
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Definition
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Term
| chemotherapeutic drugs that target both resting and dividing cells |
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Definition
| cell cycle nonspecific (CCNS) |
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Term
| CCNS drugs that inhibit gene expression |
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Definition
| alkylating agents, antibiotics, estrogen/androgen antagonists |
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Term
| structural analogs of molecules required for the syntheis of DNA and only function in tumor cells in the S PHASE |
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Definition
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Term
| these drugs are most effective for rapidly proliferating tumors like leukemias and lymphoma but they also target healthy cells |
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Definition
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Term
| most widely used antimetabolit in cancer chemo. most effective fro pediatric ALL, choriocarcinoma |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does methotrexate inhibit? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| main side effects of methotrexate |
|
Definition
| bone marrow supression, nephrotoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
| vinca alkaloids (microtubule inhibitors) |
|
|
Term
| microtubules are required for the normal function of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taxanes (microtubule inhibitors) |
|
|
Term
| main side effect of microtubule inhibitors |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| why do tumor cells become resistant to microtubule inhibitors? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this is required for DNA synthesis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this topoisomerase inhibitor is used to treat testicular cancer, small lung carcinoma but has resistance to the MDR1 gene |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The pumping by the MDR-1 pump results in |
|
Definition
| less drug in the cell available for effective treatment |
|
|
Term
| is MDR selective for any particular drug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
- intercalate into DNA and prevent transcription
-cause single strand DNA breaks
_generally cell cycle non-specific |
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Definition
| antibiotice- dna intercalating drugs |
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|
Term
widely used antibiotic
minimally myelo- and immunosuppressive |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of bleomycin |
|
Definition
pulmonary fibrosis
rare liver failure in lymphoma pts |
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|
Term
| highly reactive compounds that modify DNA and cellular proteins can cause secondary cancer and induce leukemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Nitrogen Mustards
platnium compounds
nitrosoureas
alkyl sulfonates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This nitrogen mustard is very broad spectrum side effects are potent immunosuppression GI ulcers, alopecia, and nausea |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| These platnium compounds are very effective when combined with other drugs but may cause nephrotoxcitiy, hearing problems, and peripheral neuropathy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tumor cells that are mutant against p53 have an intrinsic resistance of which class of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this rationally designed chemotherapeutic is an inhibitor of the bcr-abl tyrosine kinase causative for chronic myelocytic leukemia- remarkable singla agent therapy with few side effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mutations in the bcr-abl that cause resistance can be identified and modified to fit the patient |
|
Definition
| pharmacogenics of imatinib |
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|
Term
| breast and prostate tumors frequently require _______&_______ for growth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of _________ are relatively minor |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| first choice for hormonal therapy of estrogen receptor + breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anti estrogens that are safe and approved for treatment and prevention of breast cancer |
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|
Term
| ihibit binding of circulating estradiol to the ER and subsequent gene transcription |
|
Definition
| anti-estrogen mechanism of action |
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|
Term
| anti-estrogens are useless in_______ |
|
Definition
| premenopausal women and ER - tumors |
|
|
Term
| useful in the treatment of prostate cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steroidal anti-androgen inhibit binding to the AR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-steroidal anti-androgens inhibit nuclear translocation of the AR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibit AR-dependant gene transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vaccine angainst HPV 6,11,16, and 18 . # 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer. Effective only as a prophylactic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is gardasil not a substitute for the current standard of care? |
|
Definition
| routine screening and intervention detect 75% of cervical cancers. and there are other causes of cancer |
|
|
Term
| what is the major side effect of antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this humanized antibody binds CD20 found on 90% of non-hodgkins lymphomas and can be conjugated with radioactive iodine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antibody to human epidermal growth factor recepto 2 to treat metastatic breast cancers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| kill cells in multiple phases of the cell cycle, and lowers the risk of acquired resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| granulocyte colony stimulating factor, prophulaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| folate supplement to modulate cytotoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor aids neutrophil recovery in AML pts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prevents hypercalcemia and bone asociated with malignancy |
|
Definition
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