Term
| exposure to carcinogen leading to cellular damage (irreversible): Activation of proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes |
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Definition
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Term
| Alterations in cellular environment that favor the growth of the mutated cells (reversible) |
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Definition
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| Mutated cell becomes cancerous; clinically detectable (need amt of tumor burden to detect) |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased cell proliferation, tumor invasion into tissue, development of metastases |
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Definition
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Term
| normal genes, essential in regulation of normal cellular function |
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Definition
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Term
| Mutant form of a proto-oncogene, play an important role in carcinogenesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of an oncogene in breast cancer |
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Definition
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| Normally regulate and inhibit inappropriate growth and proliferation |
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Definition
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| Example of a tumor suppressor gene that usually activated by damaged DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| increase in the size of cells in a specific tissue or organ |
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Definition
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Term
| increase in number of cells in a specific tissue or organ |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal change in size, shape, or organization |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormal proliferation of cells, may be benign, pre-malignant, or malignant |
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Definition
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Term
| direct migration and penetration into neighboring tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer cells penetrate into lymphatic system and/or blood vessels and spread from a primary location to a distant site |
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Definition
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Term
| cancerous cells release molecules that send signals to surrounding tissue, activating the proliferation of blood vessels which penetrate the tumor, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| tumors of epithelial and epidermal origin |
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Definition
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Term
| cancers of connective tissue origin |
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Definition
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Term
| arise in LN and tissue of immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| cancers of immature blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
| time it takes for tumor to double in size, as tumor size increases, this time will increase. |
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Definition
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Term
| only a certain percentage of cells will be killed with each chemo course |
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Definition
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Term
| post operative treatment, kill remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence, goal is to cure |
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Definition
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Term
| pre-operative treatment, reduce tumor size prior to surgery |
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Definition
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Term
| goal is to relieve symptoms, used to slow tumor growth, prolong life, reduce symptoms, and decrease tumor size, may include surgery, radiation, and or chemotherapy, no curative intent |
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Definition
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Term
| patient is entirely free of disease (usually for at least 5 years) and has an equal life expectancy as a cancer free person |
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Definition
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Term
| no evidence of new disease for at least 1 month after treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| 50% or greater reduction in tumor size or other objective marker and no evidence of new disease for at least 1 month |
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Definition
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Term
| tumor size doesn't grow or shrink by more than 25% |
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Definition
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Term
| 25% increase in tumor size or development of new lesions while receiving treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| Tumors are composed of various cell types, combination chemo regimens are important to cover numerous cell types |
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Definition
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Term
| ECOG scale: how strong the patient is 0= fully active, 5 = dead |
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Definition
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Term
| patient is entirely free of disease (usually for at least 5 years) and has an equal life expectancy as a cancer free |
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Definition
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Term
| Oldest treatment available and treatment of choice in early diagnosed solid tumors |
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Definition
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Term
| effective at treating many local tumor types |
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Definition
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Term
| targets rapidly dividing cells, both cancerous and normal |
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Definition
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Term
| systemic treatment designated to more specifically target malignant cells |
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Definition
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Term
| management of cancers from tissues whose growth is under gonadal hormone control |
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