Term
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Definition
| modifiable risk factors, mutations in genetic code, non-modifiable risk factors |
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Term
| First step in cancer development |
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Definition
| initiation; exposure to carcinogen leading to cellular damage, activation of oncogene or inactivation of tumor suppressor gene |
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Term
| second step in cancer development |
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Definition
| promotion; alteration in cellular environment that favor the growth of the mutated cells (reversible) |
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Term
| third step in cancer development |
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Definition
| conversion; mutated cell becomes cancerous, clinically detectable |
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Term
| fourth step in cancer development |
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Definition
| progression; increased cell proliferation, tumor invasion into tissue, development of metastases |
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Term
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Definition
| normal genes, essential in regulation of normal cellular function |
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Term
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Definition
| mutant form of proto-onco, activated via alterations causing disregulation of cell growth and proliferation |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in size of cells in a specific tissue or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in number of cells in a specific tissue or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal change in size, shape or organization of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal proliferation of cells, may be benign, pre-malignant or malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| direct migration and penetration into lymphatic system and/ or blood vessels and spread from a primary location to a distant location |
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Term
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Definition
| tumor angiogenesis enables metastasis, cancerous cell release molecules that send signals (VEGF) to surrounding tissue to increas blood vessel proliferation that penetrates tumor supplying it with oxygen and nutrients |
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Term
| benign tumor characteristice |
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Definition
| seldom metastasizes, encapsulated and localized, differentiation resembles original cells, slow growth, rarely re-occur |
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Term
| malignant tumor characteristics |
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Definition
| metastesizes, non-encapsulated, atypical differentiation, viable growth, recurrence is common |
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Term
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Definition
| tumors of epithelial and epidermal origin |
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Term
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Definition
| cancers of connective tissue origin |
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Term
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Definition
| arise in Lymph node and tissue of immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| cancers of immature blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| regional spread across midline/diaphram |
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Term
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Definition
| distant metastasis; looking at symptom control and quality of life |
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Term
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Definition
| time it takes for tumor to double in size, as tumor increases then doubling time increases |
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Term
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Definition
| only a certain percentage of cells will be killed with each chemo course |
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Term
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Definition
| post operative treatment, kill remaining cancer cells and prevent recurrence, goal is to cure |
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Term
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Definition
| pre-op treatment, reduce tumor size prior to surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| goal is to relieve symptoms, use to slow tumor growth, prolong live, reduce symptoms, and decrease tumor size |
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Term
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Definition
| significant role in preventing, diagnosing and staging cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| treats local tumor types, adjuvant use: may be used with chemo and surgery with goal to cure or post-op to clear up micrometasteses, neoadjuvant: used prior to surgery to decrease size of tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| fatigue, skin/lesions, burn at site, N/V/D and hair loss |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic: targets rapidly dividing cells both cancerous and normal, dose density: short interval between doeses, limitation toxicity, less time for body to recover, Dose intensity: increase does admin to pt (less frequent intervals) |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic immunotherapy: designated to more specifically target malignant cells, includes: interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| management of cancers from tissues whose growth is under gonadal hormone control (breast, prostate, endometrial), block hormone: selective estrogen receptor modifiers, aromatase inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| Sipuleucel-T: prostate cancer vaccine, T-Cell immunity to tumors that express PSA |
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Term
| mechanism of muli-drug resistance |
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Definition
| efflux, enzymatic degradation, decreased premeability, altered binding sites, changing metabolic pathways |
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