Term
| Obama, McCain, Paradox of Donations |
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Definition
| campaigns that are doing well get more money, those who are not get less money even though they don't need it, bandwagon effect |
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Term
| what is campaign funding spent on |
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Definition
| travel, advertisment, staff, logistics |
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Term
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Definition
| largely financed by a small number of wealthy and secret donors. donors become more important to candidates the more they donate so donors can get special treatment. |
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| campaign costs sharply increased with what |
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Definition
| the advent of television after WW2 |
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Term
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Definition
| prohibited candidates from using personal money for campaigns, established PACs, required public disclosure of contributions over $100, included Revenue Act |
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Definition
| provided tax credits and breaks for campaign contributors, established public funding for pres campaigns by putting the $1 (now $3) box on tax forms |
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Term
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Definition
| established 6 person bipartisan FEC to regulate and enforce laws, established matching funds criteria, contribution ceiling for individuals, campaign spending limits |
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Definition
| limiting personal spending on campaign NOT OK, limiting campaign spending ONLY OK IF CANDIDATE ACCEPTS PUBLIC FUNDING, regulating campaign contributions OK |
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| must win 10% of vote in consecutive primaries and must raise $5000 in 20 different states |
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Term
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Definition
| encouraged candidates to seek small donations, for $250 contributed per donor to a campaign gov would match, however if individual donate $2300 only $250 would be matched. take matching funds = accept spending limits. only recieve in election year. matching funds only for primary season |
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Definition
| encouraged "party building activities", limit campaign contributions but not party contributions, allowed for soft money use |
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Definition
| banned soft money use by party, raised individual and overall fed contributions, prohibited ads with candidates name starting 60 prior to election |
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Term
| purpose of modern conventions |
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Definition
| little significance but high excitement, establish party platform, introduce candidate to the world,put on a show of love, formally nominate candidates |
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Term
| pre-convention, post nomination |
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Definition
| repair internal party damage, reposition the candidate to a more moderate position |
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Term
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Definition
| better to go first because bigger convetion bump and earlier opportunity to start campaigning, but last convention gets last word. avoid major news events |
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Term
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Definition
| second place in presidential campaingn |
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Term
| vp selection in convention area |
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Definition
| regional and financial interests |
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Term
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Definition
| candidate choses, less regional and more personal |
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Term
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Definition
| novelty and media coverage, only big impact on campaign if the selection sucks or is very well known, |
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Term
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Definition
| friends and family campaigned to electors and others, candidates would often pretend they did not even know they were running, a successful campaign meant voters knew who the candidate was on election day |
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Term
| campaigning in 19th century |
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Definition
| first candidate to campaign for self was william henry harrison in 1840, 1850-1900 candidates would partake in "front porch campaigning" and address a small amount of people, the party was very important in campaigning at this time and led to importance of patronage |
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Term
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Definition
| "from porch to train" candidates would travel around teh country and campaign, beginning of print newspaper advertisment and radio campaingn |
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Term
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Definition
| after WW2, TV use soared and candidates would use media and tv ads to campaign. single greatest change in campaigns in the 20th century is professionalism |
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Term
| original debate organization |
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Definition
| League of Women Voters originally organized debates so thagt the public could learn more about candidate, Commission for Presidential Debates took over |
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Term
| Bipartisan Commission on Presidential Debates |
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Definition
3 criteria for debate elidgability:
1. meet constitutional election requirements
2. be on the ballot in enough states to be elidgable to win majority of electoral votes and be organized in the majority of congressional districts in states
3. have at least 15% in public opinion polls
Ross Perot excluded in 1996 |
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Term
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Definition
| give public idea of how candidates perform under pressure, see how both candidates answer the same question, reinforce one candidate as favorite and one as underdog |
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Term
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Definition
| there is never really a winner, only have to live up to or not to expectations |
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Term
| play to different audiences in a debate |
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Definition
| quality answers for those with high knowledge/interest, look and sound "presidential" to those who arent, set and respond to expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive practice with actor, command and control, powerful but never personal responses, resist McCain without being mean |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive chaos in preparation, did well in first and second but did not live up to expectations in third, excessive instruction different for each debate, focus on experience but not age |
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Term
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Definition
| highest viewed debate ever, Biden was prepared even more than Obama, Palin had strange debate preparation and had little knowledge of actual policy so instead of answering questions simply said what the campaign told her to |
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Term
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Definition
| contingent on expectations, preparation=confidence=success, |
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Term
| debates impact on campaign |
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Definition
| very little impact unless someone really messes up, most people who watch the debates already have formed opinions on the candidates that rarely changed, can help moderates decide |
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Term
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Definition
| treat campaigns like games and candidates like players, which makes it more interesting and watchable but can harm interests because focus shifts from what in policy to why, might not focus on policy but on candidate |
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Term
| evolution of campaign advertising |
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Definition
19th century, limited print media, jingles, buttons posters
1900-1950 print media dominates, limited radio shift after 1925
1950 on shift to TV, more expensive, must sell candidate like soap, candidates must have look sound and message |
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Term
| Rosser Reeves and "hard sell" |
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Definition
advertising in 50s
volume and selling points of commerial
"usp" unique selling proposition
expert testimony |
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Term
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Definition
| most information, most effective, people react best to negative ads that attack policy and not character, can make people more likely to vote |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to and ass effective as negative, but takes both candidates and compare qualities and policies, only negative if one candidate is completely left out |
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Term
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Definition
| most fluffy and least effective, either entail a candidate bio (for lesser known) or a list of policies and achievements, less memorable, preestablished notions are not going to be changed by these ads, only effect those who are uninformed |
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Term
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Definition
| all news sources rely on advertising for revenue, so attacks are non-idealogical but have commercial interest, media does public service but not public servants, news content is shaped by commercial interests |
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Term
| McCain nominatation process |
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Definition
| 2007 his campaign almost ran out of money, was not first choice but almost everyones second, lost Iowa but focues on NH and won, multiple camapigns hinged on SC and he won which put him as front-runner in winning FL, won 15 out of 19 primaries super tuesday, GOP winner-take-all secured his nomination |
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Term
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Definition
| had a consistant strategy, little name recognition, not much money as HRC but energetic volunteers, won Iowa b/c HRC didnt campaign there and his activist roots, lost in NH, hinged on SC and he won, won superdelegates and majority of delegate votes even though HRC argued she won more pop vote, secured nomination |
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Term
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Definition
| internal conflict, focused on national campaign, most favorable but also unfavorable, didnt campaign in Iowa and SC, didnt focus successfully on superdelegates like OBAma |
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Term
| gambles of McCain camapign in general election |
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Definition
| chose Palin and did not know here even thoguh he wanted to chose Lieberman, suspended campaign during economic crisis in order to give more prep time for debates but did nothing good in washington so had to silently restart campaign, refusing to hire Bush workers but ended up hiring them with 6 weeks left which showed that his campaign was on their last leg |
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Term
| unconvincing explanation of Obamas win |
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Definition
outraised McCain: btoh still raised lots of money, started throughing money around, highest funded candidate does not always win, bandwagon effect
youth voters: increased but did not outdo other age groups, most important as vounteers, dems usually do best with youth
media hostility: usually hostile but can still win, charisma always helps candidates |
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Term
| actual reasons for obama win |
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Definition
| favorable national conditions, consistant strategy day 1-700, consistant and clear message of change, lack of internal drama, superior organization, more successful in mobilizing every race/age group |
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Term
| unconvincing reasons for mccain loss |
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Definition
outspent
failure to motive GOP base: did so, but failed to motivate moderate and swing voters
hostile media |
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Term
| real reason for Mccain lsot |
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Definition
| tied to bush, failure to identify and push consistant and clear messaage, internal chaos, failure to capitalize on inherent appeal to independent voters |
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Term
| main differences between pres and congress elections |
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Definition
| congress has smaller and less diverse, narrower issues, more localized |
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Term
| fundamental congress interest |
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Definition
| raise money for and keep your constituents happy, represent issues of constituents |
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Term
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Definition
| every midterm election in history expect 98 and 02 main party sees losses because party is often unhappy with president failure to keep promises, less voters show up from party than did to vote for president, overall turnout is lower |
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Term
| presidential coattails effect |
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Definition
| successful pres candidates bring in more congressmen than the opposing party because their party showed up more to vote and because people just vote for the president and eveyrone under them on the party ballot |
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Term
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Definition
| congressional redistrciting changes nature of constituency, incumbents can help influence redistricting even though actual decision is made by state legislatures, can be ussed to engineer outcomes, US DOJ requires pre approval for redistrcing in many southern states because of race issues |
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Term
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Definition
| drawing strage districts, can be brought to courts, hard to draw the line between redistricting and gerrymandering |
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Term
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Definition
two components to legislating
substance - whats actually in the law (not important)
process - how the law gets passed (important |
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Term
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Definition
| expensive, complicated, focus too much on IOWA and NH |
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Term
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Definition
| make all primarys on same day, would give advantage to candidates with most money, too much like gen election, but would be simple and take away considerable power from some states |
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Term
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Definition
| organize primarys by state size, smallest 12 states go first, largest 12 go fourth, require less money and resources for more campaigning |
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Term
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Definition
| graduated random, point value to each state |
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Term
| automatic electoral college plan |
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Definition
| electors would be abolished and electoral votes would be awarded automatically to the popular vote winner |
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Term
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Definition
| voted allocated based on the popular vote winner in each district |
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Term
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Definition
| bonus of 102 electoral votes awarded to pop vote winner |
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Term
| national popular vote plan |
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Definition
| abolish, winner gets the plurality of pop vote |
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Term
| pop vote with majority requirment |
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Definition
| majority of popular vote winner would win, if no one get majorioty it would require a runoff, which would be difficult cuz hard for people to show up to vote a second time |
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