Term
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Definition
--Inflammation of the eyelids. Divided into anterior and posterior blepharitis, the latter also known as meibomian gland disease.
--Blepharitis affects the skin of the eyelids, and it usually involves the part of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow (lid margins). Commonly, blepharitis occurs when tiny oil glands located near the base of the eyelashes malfunction. When these oil glands malfunction, bacterial overgrowth can result, leading to inflamed, irritated and itchy eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| Funny looking deposits in the lid (are an indicator of cholesterol deposits) |
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Term
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Definition
| Is an infection of the lacrimal sac. It usually results from blockage of the nasolacrimal duct that carries tears from the tear sac to the nose. The blocked duct harbors bacteria and becomes infected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
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Term
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Definition
--An infection in front of the orbital septum
--Usually comes from a sinus infection |
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Term
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Definition
| The eyelid is turned outward |
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Term
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Definition
| The eyelid is turned inward (toward the eyeball) |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the eyelashes turn in and cause irritation,(eyelid is in normal position) |
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Term
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Definition
| Problem with the Meibomian glands: when the oily substance becomes too pasty & it can’t get out instigating a noninfectious inflammatory reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as a stye. It is an acute focal infection involving either the glands of Zeis or, less frequently, the meibomian glands |
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Term
| Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus |
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Definition
--A reactivation of the chicken pox virus.
--Always sores will be on one side of face.
--Worry is that this can get into the eye itself. |
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Term
| Sub Conjunctival Hemorrhage |
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Definition
--Nothing more than a bruise.
--One of the conjunctiva vessels has broken and bled & will go away with time
--The person is typically on aspirin or coumadin |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva up to (& possibly over) the cornea. It is most common among those who live in tropical climates or spend a lot of time in the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Very contagious (can be allergic, bacterial or viral) but it is viral 90% of the time. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the iris.
Signs and symptoms or iritis may include:
Redness of the eye, especially in the white part of the eye near the iris
Discomfort in the affected eye
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Blurred vision
Floating spots in the vision (eye floaters) |
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Term
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Definition
| Derives its name from the distinctive appearance of calcium deposition in a band across the central cornea. |
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Term
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Definition
| An opaque, grayish-white ring at the periphery of the cornea occurring in older adults |
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Term
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Definition
History will tell you if the pt has this
Then use a fluorescent stain to see it
Put them on antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Remove, and make sure you get it all! Put them on a broad-spectrum antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| History tells you a lot...If they wear contact lenses, this discomfort may have been going on for days or weeks, whereas a corneal abrasion would have been immediate. Additionally, before you stain the eye you will see a white infiltrate where the ulcer is. |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristic Look: Branches with little bulbs on the end (when stained)
You do not want to give steroids to a herpes patient!!
Antiviral medications (drops & pills)
They usually will have a history of this usually in the same eye, and they will have a dendritic looking scar.
Extremely painful & red eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood in the anterior chamber. Usually caused by trauma. Big worry: a blockage where the aqueous humor drains at the angle b/w the iris & cornea, causing one type of glaucoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the anterior chamber gets an infection inside of it. Big worry: you could actually lose the eye itself, not just your vision |
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Term
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Definition
| Ptosis, Miosis, & Anhidrosis. Can be caused by anything from an aneurysm, brain tumors, cervical disk problems, orbit problems, or pancoast's tumor (at the apex of the lung). |
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Term
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Definition
15 x risk in patients who sleep in CTL
Causes:
Trauma
Ocular surface disease (dry eyes)
Chronic steroid use
HSV
Bacteria (Staph, Strep, Moraxella)
Fungi |
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Term
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Definition
The leading cause of legal blindness among working-age Americans.
Patients with Type 1 Diabetes is associated with more frequent and more severe ocular complications
Patients with Type 2 Diabetes is much more prevalent, so overall more people with type 2 are seen with complications |
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Term
| Diabetic Retinopathy Risk Factors (3 things): |
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Definition
Duration of Diabetes
Severity of hyperglycemia (controllable)
Hypertension (keeping this under control slows the progression of DR) |
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Term
| What is the earliest stage of diabetic retinopathy called? & what symptoms could you see in a person at this stage? |
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Definition
Nonproliferative DR (NPDR)
You might see:
Microaneurysms (look like little red dots)
Cotton-wool spots (look like little white-yellow dots; are areas in the retina that aren’t getting enough blood supply)
Intraretinal hemorrhages |
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Term
| Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
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Definition
Ischemia leads to release of growth factors that promote new blood vessels
Neovascularization can cause
Hemorrhages (intra-, sub-, preretinal, vitreous)
Traction, which can lead to retinal detachment |
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Term
| The Optic Nerve is made up of about how many neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| A normal cup:disk ratio is what? When do we start to worry? |
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Definition
Normal cup:disk ratio - 0.3 or less
We worry if it gets to 0.5 or more |
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Term
| What are some of the symptoms of Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma? |
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Definition
Red eye
Sudden onset pain and decreased vision
Nausea / vomiting
Unilateral
Cloudy Cornea (halos)
High IOP (50 or more)
Fixed, mid-dilated pupil |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the skin hanging down over the lid obstructing the eye, not the lid itself |
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Term
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Definition
2 kinds:
Esotropia (eye or eyes turned in)
Exotropia (eye or eyes turned out) |
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Term
| Central Retinal Vein Occlusion |
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Definition
Blood & thunder look
You can’t see the disk |
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Term
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Definition
| A cholesterol emboli lodged in a retinal vessel. Can cause a section of retinal ischemia. Also may be asymptomatic, but the embolus came from somewhere, and next time it could go to the brain and cause a stroke. |
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Term
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Definition
| A retinal artery pressing on a vein causing compression of the vein so that it can become closed off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the eyeball is pushing out of its socket |
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Term
| What viral disease is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Is an acute intestinal infection caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O-group 1 or O-group 139
--Infection is acquired primarily by ingesting contaminated water or food; person-to-person transmission is rare
--Treated with IV fluids in the U.S., but in some countries even this is not available and people die from diarrhea
--RICE WATER STOOLS |
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Term
| Rubeola is also commonly known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease presents with these type symptoms: fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, bull neck (neck lymph nodes swollen), gray (nonremovable) membrane forming over the tonsils & pharynx |
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Definition
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Term
| What treatment immediately follows with patients who have repiratory diphtheria? |
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Definition
| Patients with respiratory diphtheria require hospitalization, immediate treatment with diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), appropriate antibiotics and supportive care, and monitoring of their close contacts |
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Term
| What disease can be caused by a puncture wound, and the spores are found in the soil and in the intestines and feces of many household and farm animals and humans? |
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Definition
| Tetanus -- and this is not passed from person-to-person |
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Term
| What disease is an acute viral infection that involves the gastrointestinal tract and occasionally the central nervous system? |
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Definition
| Poliomyelitis -- most infections are asymptomatic, but those that are symptomatic, include acute flaccid paralysis of a single limb to quadriplegia, respiratory failure, and, rarely, death |
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Term
| What disease typically has an abrupt onset of symptoms that can include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease presents with sudden onset of fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and, frequently, a rash with pink macules that develops petechiae (that don't blanch)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What illness is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease presents with a persistent high fever, headache, malaise, anorexia, splenomegaly, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots, and relative bradycardia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is carried by the Female Anopheles mosquito? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is passed by Female Phlebotomine sand flies? |
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Definition
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Term
What disease is characterized by skin sores, fever, weight loss, hepatomegaly and significant splenomegaly, typically develop months, sometimes years, after a person becomes infected, and
--Anemia
--Leukopenia
--Thrombocytopenia |
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Definition
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Term
| What parasitic disease is transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What parasitic disease is transmitted by Triatoma or the (“cone nose” or “kissing”) bugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is transmitted to humans by day-biting deer fly Chrysops flies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intestinal Tapeworms (2 kinds & where do you get them from): |
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Definition
Taenia saginata (undercooked beef)
Taenia solium (undercooked pork) |
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Term
| What illness has an average incubation period of 14 days? |
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Definition
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Term
| What illness are you usually contagious from 4 days before to 4 days after the onset of the rash? |
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Definition
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Term
| If _____ is contracted in the early months of pregnancy it is associated with a high rate of fetal loss or a constellation of birth defects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is also known as the "3 day measles"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an acute viral infection that involves the GI tract and occasionally the central nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The clinical manifestation of this illness include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice? |
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Definition
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Term
| The incubation period for this illness averages 28 days? |
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Definition
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Term
| This illness has a sudden onset with fever, intense headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and, frequently, a rash with pink macules that develops petechiae...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hallmark of _____ infection is persistent, high fever as high as 103° to 104° F |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is associated with: fever and influenza-like symptoms, including chills, headache, myalgias, and malaise; these symptoms can occur at intervals. |
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Definition
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Term
| P. falciparum infections can cause: |
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Definition
| seizures, mental confusion, kidney failure, coma, and death |
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Term
| T or F...Malaria has a vaccine available? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common cause of TD worldwide is: |
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Definition
| ETEC (Enterotoxogenic Escherichia-coli) |
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Term
Risk of infection is greatest in:
Rural Backcountry areas or poor sanitation &
Inadequate drinking water treatment facilities |
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Definition
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Term
Metronidazole (also Flagil), Nitazoxanide, &
Quinacrine, are all effective for what illness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transmitted by Female Phlebotomine sand flies; Cutaneous: One or more skin sore
Develop weeks to months after a person is bitten & Lymphadenopathy...Visceral:
Fever, weight loss, hepatomegaly and significant splenomegaly, typically develop months, sometimes years, after a person becomes infected...Anemia, Leukopenia, & Thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| The treatment for Leishmaniasis is: |
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Definition
| Pentostam 20 mg/kg/day x 20 days |
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Term
| Most of the bites that occur transmitting this illness are quite painful, and thus travelers often recall the bites...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Signs and symptoms are initially nonspecific (fever, skin lesions, rash, edema, or lymphadenopathy); however, the infection progresses to meningoencephalitis. Systemic symptoms generally appear within 1 to 3 weeks of infection. Untreated cases are eventually fatal |
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Definition
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Term
| Trypanosoma brucei causes this: |
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Definition
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Term
| Trypanosoma cruzi causes this: |
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Definition
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Term
| The treatment for Chagas’ Disease is: |
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Definition
| Nitrofuran or nitroimidazole derivatives |
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Term
| It is commonly found in crowded institutions such as day-care centers, schools, hospitals and orphanages. It is most prevalent in children |
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Definition
| Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) |
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Term
| The treatment for Enterobius vermicularis is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ingestion of Ascaris eggs can infect you with what? |
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Definition
| Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Roundworm); Necator americanus (Hookworm); Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm) |
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Term
The treatment is what for:
Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Roundworm); Necator americanus (Hookworm); Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm) |
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Definition
| Mebendazole 100 mg BID x 3 days |
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Term
| What has the ability to persist and replicate within a host for decades while producing minimal or no symptoms and has the potential to cause life-threatening infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the treatment for Strongyloidiasis? |
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Definition
| Thiabendazole 25 mg/kg bid X 2 days. Max dosage 3 g/day |
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Term
| The treatment for Lymphatic Filariasis is: |
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Definition
| Ivermectin 100-400 mcg/kg x 1 day |
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Term
| ______ is transmitted to humans by day-biting deer fly Chrysops flies? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| From what can you get NCC (Neurocystercosis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Intestinal tapeworms are treated with: |
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Definition
| praziquantel 50 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses BIDx15 days |
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