Term
| what percent of Ca bound? ionized? |
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Definition
| about 1/2 and 1/2, with ionized being the active portion |
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Term
| How does the concentration of free calcium in the extracellular space compare to that found in the intracellular space? |
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Definition
| intercellular Ca is 10,000 times lower than that found extracellular |
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Term
| how does alkalosis/ acidosis affect ionized Ca concentrations? |
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Definition
| alkalosis decreases ionized Ca levels, acidosis increases it |
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Term
| 2 most important hormones in the regulation of serum Ca regulated? How do they function? |
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Definition
| Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol promote the mobilization of calcium from bone, promote the reabsorption of Ca from the renal tubules, and increase intestinal absorption of calcium. |
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Term
| What are normal Ca levels? |
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Definition
| Total Ca 8.5-10.5 mg/dl, Ionized Ca 4.75-5.3 mg/dl, or 2.38-2.66 mEq/L, and Ionized Calcium = 1.19-1.33 mmol/L. |
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Term
| A pt. exhibits hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, what causes would you suspect? |
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Definition
| renal failure or hypoparathyroidism |
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Term
| What are the cardiovascular s/s of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Dysrhythmias, EKG changes, heart failure, hypotension, and resistance to dig and beta-adrenergic drugs. |
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Term
| Neuromuscular s/s of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| weakness, sz, tetany, and muscle spasms. |
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Term
| respiratory s/s of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Bronchospasm, laryngospasm, apnea |
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Term
| What are some causes of hypocalcemia? |
|
Definition
Usually deficiency of parathyroid hormone, either from removal or suppression. Causes of suppression-hypo- or hypermagnesemia, burns, sepsis, and pancreatitis.
Or hyperphosphatemia or massive blood transfusion. |
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Term
| An otherwise healthy patient has hypocalcemia, but has a normal phosphate concentration. What do you think may be the cause? |
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Definition
| usually vitamin D or magnesium deficit. |
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