Term
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Definition
| "level of risk or significance"; the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true; the probability of making a Type 1 error |
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Definition
| a graph in which the classes are reported on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are proportional to the heights of the bars |
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Definition
| if all samples of a particular size are selected from any population, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately a normal distribution. This approximation improves with larger samples. |
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Definition
| a population is divided into clusters using naturally occurring geographic or other boundaries. Then, clusters are randomly selected and a sample is collected by randomly selecting from each other. |
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Definition
| a statement that is accepted if the sample data provide sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis is false |
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Definition
| the probability of committing a Type II error |
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Term
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Definition
| For any set of observations (sample or population), the proportion of the values that lie within k standard deviations of the mean is at least 1- 1/k^2, where k is any constant greater than 1. |
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Term
| Coefficient of Correlation |
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Definition
| a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables. |
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Term
| Coefficient of Determination |
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Definition
| the proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable Y that is explained, or accounted for, by the variation in the independent variable X. |
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Term
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Definition
| at least one of the events must occur when an experiment is conducted. |
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Definition
| the probability of a particular event occurring, given that another event has occurred. |
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Definition
| a range of values constructed from sample data so that the population parameter is likely to occur within that range at a specified probability. The specified probability is called the level of confidence. |
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Definition
| a table used to classify sample observations according to two or more identifiable characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of techniques to measure the association between two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| the dividing point between the region where the null hypothesis is rejected and the region where it is not rejected. |
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Term
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Definition
| the variable that is being predicted or estimated. It is scaled on the Y-axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way. |
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Term
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Definition
| a random variable that can assume only certain clearly separated values. |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability of an event happening is the fraction of the time similar events happened in the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| for a symmetrical, bell-shaped frequency distribution, approximately 68% of the observations will lie within plus and minus one standard deviation of the mean; about 95% of the observations will lie within plus and minus two standard deviations of the mean; and practically all (99.7%) will lie within plus and minus three standard deviations of the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that leads to the occurrence of one and only one of several possible observations. |
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Term
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Definition
| a grouping of data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class. |
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Term
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Definition
| a grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class. |
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Term
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Definition
| a graph in which the classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are represented by the heights of the bars and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement about a population parameter subject to verification. |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure based on sample evidence and probability theory to determine whether the hypothesis is a reasonable statement. |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurrence of one event has no effect on the probability of the occurrence of another event. |
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Term
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Definition
| the variable that provides the basis for estimation. It is the predictor variable. It is scaled on the X-axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| a probability that measures the likelihood two or more events will happen concurrently. |
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Term
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Definition
| over a large number of trials the empirical probability of an event will approach its true probability. |
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Term
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Definition
| determining a regression equation by minimizing the sum of the squares of the vertical distances between the actual Y values and the predicted values of Y |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true |
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Term
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Definition
| the midpoint of the values after they have been ordered from the smallest to the largest, or the largest to the smallest |
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Term
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Definition
| the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of the deviations from the arithmetic mean |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of the observation that appears most frequently |
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Term
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Definition
| if there are m ways of doing one thing and n ways of doing another thing, there are m x n ways of doing both. |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurrence of one event means that none of the other events can occur at the same time |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement about the value of a population parameter developed for the purpose of testing numerical evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| a particular result of an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| any arrangement of r objects selected from a single group of n possible objects |
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Term
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Definition
| a chart that shows the proportion or percent that each class represents of the total number of frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| the statistic, computed from sample information, which is used to estimate the population parameter |
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Term
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Definition
| the entire set of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| a value between zero and one, inclusive, describing the relative possibility (chance or likelihood) an event will occur |
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Term
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Definition
| a listing of all the outcomes of an experiment and the probability associated with each outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| the fraction, ratio, or percent indicating the part of the sample or the population having a particular trait of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability of observing a sample value as extreme as, or more extreme than, the value observed, given that the null hypothesis is true |
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Term
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Definition
| a quantity resulting from an experiment that, by chance, can assume different values |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of the squared differences between each observation and its treatment mean |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest value - smallest value |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation that expresses the linear relationship between two variables |
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Term
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Definition
| a portion, or part, of the population of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between a sample statistic and its corresponding population oarameter |
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Term
| Sampling Distribution of Sample Mean |
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Definition
| a probability distribution of all possible sample means of a given sample size |
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Term
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Definition
| a sample selected so that each item or person in the population has the same chance of being included |
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Term
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Definition
| the square root of the variance |
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Term
| Standard Error of Estimate |
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Definition
| a measure of the dispersion, or scatter, of the observed values around the line of regression |
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic of a sample |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| a population is divided into subgroups, called strata, and a sample is randomly selected from each stratum |
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Term
| Subjective Concept of Probability |
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Definition
| the likelihood (probability) of a particular event happening that is assigned by an individual based on whatever information is available |
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Term
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Definition
| a random starting point is selected, and then every kth member of the population is selected |
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Term
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Definition
| a value, determined from sample information, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of the squared differences between each observation and the overall mean |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of the squared differences between each treatment mean and the grand or overall mean |
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Term
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Definition
| rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true |
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Term
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Definition
| accepting the null hypothesis when it is false |
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Term
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Definition
| the arithmetic mean of the squared deviations from the mean |
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Term
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Definition
| the signed distance between a selected value, designated X, and the mean, divided by the standard deviation |
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