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| trail courts of general jurisdiction that can hear and decide most legal controversies in the federal system |
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| Hear appeals from the district courts and review orders of certain administrative agencies |
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| Set aside the lower courts judgement |
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| Change the lower courts judgement |
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| Send the case back to the lower court |
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| Uphold the lower courts judgement |
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| Nations highest court whose principal function is to reveiw decisions of the Federal Courts of Appeals and the highest state courts |
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| mandatory review by a higher court |
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| hear minor criminal cases such as traffic offenses and civil cases involving small amounts of money and conduct preliminary hearings in more serious criminal cases |
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| Have jurisdiction over cases in a particular area of federal law |
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| inferior trial courts with jurisdiction over cases involving a limited dollar amount |
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| Have general jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases |
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| Trial courts, such as probate courts and family courts, which have jurisdiction over a particular area of state law |
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| Include one or two levels; the highest courts decisions are final except in those cases reveiwed by the US Supreme Court |
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| Authority of a court to hear and decide a case |
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| Subject Matter Jurisdiction |
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| Authority of a court to decide a particular kind of case |
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| Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction |
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| Jurisdiction that permits only the federal courts to hear a case |
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| Concurrent Federal Jurisdiction |
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| Authority of federal or state courts to hear the same case |
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| Any case arising under the constitution, statutes, or treaties of the United States |
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| Jurisdiction over the Parties |
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| Power of a court to bind the parties to a suit |
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| jurisdiction based on claims against a person, in contrast to jurisdiction over property |
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| Jurisdiction based on claims against property |
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| Quasi in rem jurisdiction |
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| Jurisdiction over property not based on claims against it |
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| Particular geographical place where a court with jurisdiction may hear a case |
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| Series of responsive, formal, written statements by each side to a law suit |
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| Initial pleading by the plaintiff stating his case |
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| Notice given to inform a person of a lawsuit against her |
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| Judgment against a defendant who fails to respond to a complaint |
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| Motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim |
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| Defendants pleading in response to the plaintiffs complaint |
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| Plaintiffs pleading in response to the defendants answer |
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| Judgment on the Pleadings |
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| final binding determination on the merits made by the judge after the pleadings |
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| Pretrial exchange of information between opposing parties to a lawsuit |
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| Binding determinations on the merits made by the judge before the trial |
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| Determines the facts and the outcome of the case |
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| Preliminary examination of potential jurors |
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| Consists of opening statements by attorneys, direct and cross examination of witnesses and closing arguments |
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| Final binding determination on the merits made by the judge after a trial has begun but before the jury renders a verdict |
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| Judge gives the jury the particular rules of law that apply to the case |
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| Formal decision by the jury on questions submitted to it |
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| Motions Challenging Verdict |
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| Include motions for a new trial and a motion for judgment not withstanding the verdict |
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| Judgment notwithstanding the verdict |
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| a final binding determination on the merits made by the judge after and contrary to the jurys verdict |
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| Determines whether the trial court committed prejudicial error |
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| Plaintiff with an unpaid judgment may resort to a writ of execution to have the sheriff seize property of the defendant and to garnishment to collect money owed to the defendant by a third party |
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| nonjudicial proceeding where a neutral third party selected by disputants renders a binding decision |
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| arbitration voluntarily entered by the parties |
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| arbitration required by statute for specific types of disputes |
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| The decision of an arbitrator |
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| Nonbinding process in which a third party acts as an intermediary between the disputing parties |
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