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| attorney/client privilege |
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| permits clients to keep confidential matters discussed by or with their attorneys |
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| ordinarily, unless a statute provides that a winning party may recover attorney fees or a claim or defense was outrageously wrong, the parties pay their own councel |
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| common law is, therefore, the overall accumulation of judicial decisions, known as case law |
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| codified law based on the Roman code of Justinian' the basis of the legal system of most European and Latin American countries |
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| in the common law, a collection of statutes enacted by legislative bodies, including congress and state legislatures |
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| law as developed and pronounced by the courts in deciding cases ("case law"), based on the common law of England and judicial precedent |
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| a nation's or state's supreme set of laws, outlining the basic organization, powers, and responsibilities of the government and guaranteeing certain specified rights to the people |
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| historically, in England and the U.S., a parallel and independent legal system based on principles of "fair play" or equity; now merged into the general court system, with responsibility for (among other matters) family law, injunctions, and specific performance of contracts |
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| a law passed by a government body below the state level and dealing with a local concern |
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| that which a judge will decide concerning matters properly brought before him/her; in a broader sense, any rule that society will enforce |
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| Latin meaning "the law of retaliation"or the law of private retribution |
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| the body of self imposed rules of conduct generally perceived to be right |
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| pertains to operating rules for obtaining substantive rights or defining substantive obligations in a court of law |
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| money paid in advance to secure the service of a lawyer, it gives both parties assurance of contractual obligations |
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| a regulation issued by a federal, state, or a local administrative agency (or court) and governing procedure or conduct in a specific field |
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| a law passed by the U.S. Congress or a state legislature |
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| refers to any body of law creating, defining, and regulating rights and obligations within the framework of a single subject, such as contracts, torts, crimes, or property |
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| (Latin) "stand by the decision" a requirement that a court follow its own and higher court precedents |
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| a law passed by the U.S. Congress or a state legislature |
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| a comprehensive uniform law covering most commercial transactions (ie banking, sale of goods) |
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| as long as the activity sought to be regulated affects interstate commerce it is within congressional regulatory authority |
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| the power to hear appeals from other court's decisions |
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| laws intended to single out an individual and/or punish him/her without benefit of a trial |
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| governmental arrangement whereby powers of each governmental branch (executive, legislative, judiciary) check and/or balance powers of the other branches |
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| expressions such as advertising, made by businesses; while protected under the constitution's First Amendment, this type of speech can be restricted as to time, place, and manner in ways that political speech cannot |
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