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| Ingredients or chemicals assed to concrete mix to produce concrete with specific characteristics |
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| Gravel,stone,sand or other inert materials used in concrete |
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| Membrane structure that is fully or partially held up by interior air pressure |
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| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
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| Voluntary standards setting organization that examines and certifies existing standards and creates new standards |
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| Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) |
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| A 1990 civil rights law designed to provide a comprehensive national mandate for elimination pf discrimination against individuals with disabilities |
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| Metal device used to hold down the ends of trusses or heavy timber members at the walls |
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| Curved structural member in which the interior stresses are primarily compressive. Arches develop inclined reactions at their supports |
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| Area where persons who are unable to use stairs can temporarily wait for instructions or assistance during an emergency building evacuation |
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| Wall of such extent and location that it provides a complete seperation of building compartments, dividing the building into distinct areas |
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| American society of engineers |
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| Multistory vertical opening inside a building |
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| Load applied to the center of the cross section of a member and perpendicular to that cross section. It can be either tensile or compressive and creates uniform stresses across the cross section of the material |
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| Joist composed of steel with bars in the vertical web space. |
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| Structural member subjected to loads perpendicular to its length |
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| Common type of structure that uses the walls of a building to support spanning elements. |
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| Flexible structural members used to support roofs, to brace tents, and to restrain pneumatic structures |
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| Protective sleeve used to keep water out of an excavation for a pier |
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| A common type of concrete construction. refers to concrete pored into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used |
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| Device used to hold reinforcing bars in position |
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| Windowed space that rises above lower stories to admit air,light, or both |
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| Vertical supporting member |
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| Measure intended to compensate for a code deficiency. May be either administrative or physical. Provides approximatley the same level of safety performance as the intent of the deficent element that it replaces |
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| Produced with parallel external face veneers bonded to a core of reconstituted fibers |
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| Force that tends to push the mass of a material together. |
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| Load that is applied at one point or over a small area |
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| Stair that usually connects two floors in a multistory building |
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| Description of the amount of heat required to ignite a floor covering specimen in the critical radiant flux test and is expressed as BTU pr ft squared |
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| Vertical board extending down from a ceiling intended to limit the horizontal spread of fire and heat |
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| Non-Load bearing wall. usually the front exterior wall of a building intended to provide a certain appearence. |
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| Load on a structure due to its own weight and other fixed weights |
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| Explosion with an energy that travels slower than the spped of sound |
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| Explosion with an energy front that moves faster than the speed of sound |
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| Noncombustible barrier extending down from the ceiling to impede the flow of heat |
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| Loads that involve motion. |
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| Load perpendicular to the cross section of the structural member but does not pass through the center of the cross section. An eccentric load creates varying stresses across the cross section and may be both tensile and compressive |
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| Frequently discussed in terms of weight of combustible per square foot (lbs per sq ft) A fire load can be used to determine the total potential heat release to which a building may be subjected if full involvement of all combustibles occured |
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| Typically refers to an interior wall extending from the floor to the underside of the floor above. |
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| Fire Rated Assembly; a seperation wall, usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building to limit the spread of fire |
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| All funtiture people, or other moveable loads not included as a permanent part of the structure |
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| Low wall at the edge of a roof |
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| Wall that stands on a property line between two adjoining buildings and is common to both buildings. almost always a loadbearing wall, and usually serves as a fire wall |
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| Stress resulting when two forces act on a body in opposite directions in parallel adjacent planes |
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| Phenomenon of a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof level of a building height, configuration, and temperature differences between inside and outside air |
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| Loads that are steady constant or applied gradually |
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| Load offset from the center of the crosssection of the member and at an angle to or in the same plane as the cross section. Produces a twisting effect |
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| Structural members, such as walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs, that are made of noncombustible materials. Also known as Fire Resistive Construction |
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| Type of construction that uses noncombustible materials and limited use of combustible materials. degree of fire resistance is lower than Type I construction |
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| Exterior walls and structural members that are noncombustible or limited combustible materials, interior structural members are comprised of complete or partial wood. Referred to as ordinary construction |
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