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| material ejected from a volcano. |
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| , a sub-division of an underground reservoir. |
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| A bomb is any of a range of explosive devices that typically rely on the exothermic chemical reaction of an explosive material to produce an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. |
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| A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent. |
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| During the cooling of a thick lava flow, contractional joints or fractures form. |
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| A batholith (from Greek bathos, depth + lithos, rock) is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. |
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Composite or strato-volcano[image] |
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| stratovolcano, sometimes inappropriately called a composite volcano, is a tall, conical volcano with many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. |
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| A dike or dyke in geology is a type of sheet intrusion referring to any geologic body that cuts discordantly across. |
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| Felsic is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. |
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| a location above a hot upwelling plume of mantle. |
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| A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. |
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| A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. |
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| A laccolith is an igneous intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. |
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| Lapilli is a size classification term for tephra, which is material that falls out of the air during a volcanic eruption. |
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| Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption. |
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| A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. |
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| Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term was derived by contracting "magnesium" and "ferric". |
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| A shield volcano is a large volcano with shallow-sloping sides. |
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| rift zone is a feature of some volcanoes, especially the shield volcanoes of Hawaii, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic edifice allows lava to be erupted from the volcano's flank instead of from its summit. |
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| Pyroclastic rocks or pyroclastics (derived from the Greek πῦρ, meaning fire, and κλαστός, meaning broken) are clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials. |
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| A pluton in geology is an intrusive igneous rock body that crystallized from a magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. |
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| Olympus Mons (Latin for "Mount Olympus") is the tallest known volcano and mountain in the Solar System. |
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| Magma (Plurals include: magmas and magmata) is molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. |
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| A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. |
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| volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic landform created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. |
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| Tephra is air-fall material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition or fragment size. |
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| subduction eruption[image] |
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| subduction eruptions occur in tall conical mountains composed of lava flows and other ejecta in alternate layers, the strata that give rise to the name. |
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| Stock typically takes the form of shares of either common stock or preferred stock. |
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