Term
| contain long threads of DNA and associated proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Humans have ___ chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| humans have ___ pairs of autosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One chromosome of each pair of autosomes are inherited from the _______ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are 2 sex chromosomes, they are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Males have an ___ and ___ chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Females have an ____ and ___ chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The display of all chromosomes in a cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During _____ the chromosomes have to be packaged very tightly in an organized manner |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Threadlike mass of genetic material (DNA and histone proteins)--form "beads on a string" (11nm) structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic structural unit of a chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During level 1, two turns of DNA helix wound around ______ of histones, plus one ___ region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the DNA you see between the "beads" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histones contained in octomeric core: |
|
Definition
| two of each of H2A, H2B, H3, H4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromatin fiber forms loops (300 nm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lopps are condensed into chromosomes (700nm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repeated sequences which allow the ends of the chromosomes to be replicated and also to protect ends from being mistaken by the cell as broken DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a duplicate copy of a chromatid joined by the centromere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| constricted region of a mitotic chromosome where sister chromatids are bound together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is the part of the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. Most of the chromatin needs to be packaged less tightly than a mitotic chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During interphase most of the chromatin needs to be packaged ___ tightly than a mitotic chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During packaging of interphase, parts(___%) of the chromosome are highly condensed (heterochromatin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During packaging of interphase, parts (10%) of the chromosome are..... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During packaging of interphase, the DNA is so tightly packaged that enzymes for ______ cannot access it. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During packaging of interphase, since the DNA is so tightly packed--genes that are located in areas of heterochromatin are ________ |
|
Definition
| not transcribed and considered "off" |
|
|
Term
| During packaging of interphase, the tight packaging of heterochromatin resembles that of "____" of a mitotic chromosome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most regions of the interphase chromosome are ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes can easily access the _____ areas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes found in the euchromatin can be ________ since it is less condensed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The packing of euchromatin resembles ______ packaging of a mitotic chromosome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is a ____ stranded molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each strand of DNA if made up of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each strand of DNA has a chemical ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each strand has a __' and ___' end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ end has an exposed OH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ end has an exposed phosphate group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3' end is also known as having the ____ end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 5' end is also known as having the ____ end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA strands run in ____ directions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA strands are held together by ______ between bases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complimentary base pairing forms _____ bonds between bases of the nucleotides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complementary base pairing has two strands that form a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C-N aromatic compounds, single ringed, and double ringed |
|
|
Term
| C-N aromatic compounds contain |
|
Definition
| ribose (sugar), phosphate, and a base |
|
|
Term
| pyrimidines are ____ ringed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleotides are linked via ______ to form a strand of DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phosphodiester bonds form between: |
|
Definition
| 3' -OH group of one sugar and 5' phosphate group of another |
|
|
Term
| 5' end of a nucleotide has an exposed ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3' end of a nucleotide carries exposed or unlinked _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During synthesis of DNA, the new nucleotide is attached to the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gene is usually defined as a segment of: |
|
Definition
| DNA that contains the instructions for making a particular protein (or RNA, if that is the final product) |
|
|
Term
| the only type of RNA that is translated into protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA that is not translated into protein: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other types of RNA that are not translated into protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA Structure is a _____ molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA Structure is composed of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In RNA structure, there is an OH group at the _____ position of the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In RNA what bases are used: |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil (instead of Thymine) |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used when you take an oxygen away from a ribose? |
|
Definition
|
|
