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| The 7 main organic elements |
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| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Calcium, and Sulphur. (CHONPCS) |
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| Macromolecules are made up of: |
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| Nucleic acids, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates |
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| Basic structural and function unit of an organism |
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| Smallest living unit of the body |
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| disease due to cellular process gone awry |
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| Group of cells work together to perform a particular function |
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| Nervous, muscle, connective, and epithelial |
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| a structure of two or more tissues working together |
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| Group of related organs that have a common function |
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| Selective barrier between internal and external environment |
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| Composed of lipid bilayer; contains membrane proteins and cholesterol |
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| The two parts of the cytoplasm |
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| Fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds the organelles |
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| Constitutes 55% of total cell volume |
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| Serves as a scaffold that helps to determine a cell's shape and to organize the cellular contents |
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| Three types of cytoskeleton |
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| Actin (microfilaments), intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
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| Control cell structure/shape |
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| Essential for movement of whole cells |
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| two stranded filament made of actin protein |
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| Most durable type of cytoskeleton |
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| Provides cells with mechanical strength |
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| The proteins that make up intermediate filaments are _____ |
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| Hollow tubes amde from protein tubulin |
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| Grow and radiate out from the centrosome |
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| constantly dissembling and reassembling- very dynamic |
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| act as a guide for intracellular transport |
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| _____ and _____ are motor proteins that walk along the microtubules carrying cargo |
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| form mitotic spindle during mitosis |
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| Location of DNA containing the majority of a cell's genes |
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Definition
controls cellular structure
directs cellular activity |
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| The nuclear envelope contains both the |
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Definition
| Inner Nuclear membrane and the Outer Nuclear membrane. |
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| Is in contact with the nuclear lamina |
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| Filamentous network of proteins (lamins) within nucleus |
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| binds to chromatin and inner membrane of nuclear envelope |
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| Gives structural support to the nuclear envelope |
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| site of all traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm |
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| composed of >50 proteins called nucleoporins |
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| Nuclear pore complex (NPC) |
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| small water-soluble molecules can freely diffuse through |
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| Nuclear pore compex (NPC) |
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| Larger molecules (RNA, Protein) are regulated |
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| Nuclear pore complex (NPC) |
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| Cluster of protein, DNA, and RNA within nucleus |
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| Where transcription of rRNA genes and assembly of ribosomes occur |
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| Membranous sacs continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope |
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| Site of protein synthesis for proteins that need to be transported; these proteins may be targeted to the plasma membrane or secreted out of the cell |
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| Site of phospholipid synthesis |
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| Glycosylation occurs where? |
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| can make proteins more resistant to proteolysis |
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| plays a role in cell-cell recognition |
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| plays a role in cell-cell adhesion |
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| plays a role in cell signaling |
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| Site of fatty acid and steroid synthesis |
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| Site of drug inactivation and detoxification of other harmful substances |
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| Golycosylation (in addition to the RER) is an example of the Golgi apparatus... |
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| packages and transports proteins received from the rough ER |
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| Forms secretory vesicles for proteins to be exocytosed |
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| forms membrane vesicles that ferry new molecules to plasma membrane |
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| forms transport vesicles that carry molecules to other organelles |
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| Stack of membranous sacs, cis face, trans face |
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| Golgi apparatus structure |
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| function of the mitochondria |
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Definition
| Energy production (ATP production), calcium homeostasis, and plays a role in apoptosis (cell suicide) |
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| energy production (ATP production) |
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| plays a role in apoptosis |
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| Outer mitochondrial membrane, inner mitochondrial memebrane, cristae, matrix, and intermembrane space |
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| contains circular DNA with genes encoding some proteins that function in the _______ |
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Definition
| mitochondrion---mitochondria |
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| Contains digestive enzymes |
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| digestion of particles and organelles (autophagy) or other cells (phagocytosis) |
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| contains enzymes that breakdown lipids and destroy toxic molecules by oxidation |
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| pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material |
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| are made of cylindrical array of microtubules |
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| contains proteins that help regulate and form microtubules |
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| builds microtubules (component of cytoskeleton) |
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| forms mitotic spindle during cell division |
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| builds microtubules and forms mitotic spindle during cell division |
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