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Definition
| Locations where people could not receive TV service. Translators met some of this need. |
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Term
| CATV/Importing Distant Signals |
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Definition
| Distant signals were important because they brought signals in from nearby communities. |
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Term
| FCC attitude toward cable |
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Definition
| Initially adapted a "hands-off" policy on cable and strongly supported local TV. |
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| Must Carry Carter Mountain |
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Definition
| Gave the FCC the right to restrict cable. It was feared that the "free" network programs might make cable siphoning. |
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| FCC Regulations: Must Carry Cable. |
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| Satellites launched by businesses for domestic use. |
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| (1972) Allowed businesses to launch DomSats. |
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Term
| TVRO (Television Receive-Only) |
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Definition
| Satellite dish that can receive incoming signals. |
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Term
| Copyright Royalty Tribune |
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Definition
| Established rates that cable had to pay for the use of imported distant television broadcast signals, pool the resulting revenue, and divide the pooled money among copyright holders. |
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| Was the president of TBS, created the first superstation, CNN, TNT, Turner Classic Movies, Cartoon Network, Turner Home Video, as well as distribution companies. |
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| An addressable decoder that allows the system operator to scramble or unscramble specific channels in the homes of individual subscribers by sending an access code from the cable system's main office. |
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Definition
| Wireless Cable that limits its coverage to about 15 miles using analog transmission techniques. |
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Definition
| Combines a master television antenna on the roof of an apartment building with coaxial cable feeding programs to each unit. |
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Definition
| Direct TV and Dish Newtwork (Echostar) |
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Definition
| Interactive cable that didn't work. |
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Definition
| Firms that gather scores and even hundreds of systems under single ownership. Own multiple broadcast mediums (Insight owns Cable & Internet) |
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Definition
| Number of broadcast stations (not enough room on the spectrum to add new stations). |
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Definition
| Stations that are owned and operated by the networks themselves. |
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Definition
| Carrying network programming as scheduled. But, if the public is in danger programming can be overridden (Severe Weather). |
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Term
| Syndex (Syndicated Exclusivity) |
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Definition
| Protects local broadcaster revenue so that it will not be affected negatively in anyway. |
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Term
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Definition
| Required cable operators to offer subscribers a basic service tier of program sources, including, at a minimum, local television stations and all public, educational, and government programs. |
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| Telephone companies that can operate cable systems if they choose. |
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Definition
| Radio: 7%; Television: 19% (more effective) |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies radio with a major source of revenue. An agreement to share costs. |
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Definition
| Companies that work through advertising agencies and stations national sales representatives to assemble ad hoc collections of non-connected stations for them to air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Puts advertising spot wherever it can (most effective form). |
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Definition
| The basis on which advertising is sold. |
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Term
| National Sales Representative |
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Definition
| Sell their advertisements in the national market to national or regional advertisers. |
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Term
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Definition
| These companies buy time, design adds, create commercials and conduct research. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proof of performance. Stations keep logs as evidence to show agencies that contracts have been carried out. |
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Term
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Definition
| Program-length commercials/productions that interweave program and commercial material so closely that the program as a whole promotes the sponsors product or service. |
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Term
| FTC (Federal Trade Commission) |
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Definition
| Regulate false or deceptive advertising. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manufacturers who share with their local dealers the cost of local advertising of their products must rely on those dealers to handle cooperative advertising. |
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Term
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Definition
| When affiliates cut away from network or barter-syndication programs prematurely, usually to insert commercials of their own. |
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Term
| Two and a half times the stations annual gross revenue or 8-10 times it's cash flow. |
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Definition
| Common price of stations. |
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Definition
| Educational interests should not be expected to compete with commercial interests for broadcast channels so the government set aside a certain number of channels for this. |
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Definition
| Proposed that congress establish a national corporation for public television. |
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Definition
| Company that helped early educational television to survive its first decade. |
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Term
| SPC (Station Program Cooperative) |
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Definition
| Took the place of PBS so that services could continue during the philosophical debates from 1974 until about 1990. |
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Term
| Non-Commercial Broadcasting |
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Definition
| Funding for this type of station is mainly due to memberships so financial support has been and always will be a problem. |
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Term
| State & Municipal Governments |
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Definition
| The license owners of most non-commercial TV & radio stations. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experiment proposed by congress in 1981 to run commercials as a means of support for public broadcasting stations. This experiment failed by 1983 and commercials were no longer aired on public broadcasting systems. |
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Term
| Satellite Space for Educational Stations |
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Definition
| Adult learning service use this as a cooperative effort with local stations that provide college-credit television courses for viewers at home and to serve 2,000 institutions of higher learning. |
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Term
| PRI (Public Radio International) |
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Definition
| Provides programs to only one station per market, it does not produce programs but rather acquires them from member stations. Plays classical music and other music programs as well as Monitor Radio, Marketplace, and BBC. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strategy of choosing the right programming to appeal to that subset. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term describing the age range and gender of an audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides a profile of lifestyles and interests of listeners/viewers. |
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Term
| Off-Network Syndicated Programming |
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Definition
| Former network program (Family Guy/Fresh Prince) now offered to individual stations on a syndicated basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs designed for syndication only and never seen on broadcast network (wheel of fortune/jeopardy). |
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Term
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Definition
| The syndicator ships tapes, station "A" airs the show, then sends it to station "B" so they can air it, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Note that not all contracts are exclusive. Stations can forego exclusively to get a lower price. |
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Term
| Fin/Syn (Financial Interest & Syndication) Rules |
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Definition
| Benefited the major networks greatly. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the syndicator sells all of the commercials in a national show. Stations receive the program for free but they have no local commercial time to sell. |
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Term
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Definition
| drive-time, mid-day, different parts of programming during the day. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of viewers/listeners from one program to another. The idea is to build the audience numbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attracting audience to one's station by offering programs different from those of the competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scheduling programs of similar appeal throughout the day part. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scheduling episodes of a series at the same time every weekday (same thing, same time, everyday M-F) Most syndicated 30-min off-network programs are scheduled this way. |
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Definition
| Scheduling a program that overlaps the start time of a competing show. (Used by Cable networks only!) |
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Term
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Definition
| Seeks to keep the opposing networks off balance in the short term by tactics such as making abrupt schedule changes, opening a new series with an extra long episode or interrupting regular programming frequently with heavily promoted specials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scheduling a questionable program in-between two strong programs (Between a lead-in and lead-out). |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping channels together that are similar (ESPN, FOX SPORTS, ETC) all right beside the other in the channel guide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Television Shows that people schedule their lives around so that they can make sure they watch them. |
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Term
| LOP (Least Objectionable Programming) |
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Definition
| Programming that suits everyone. |
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