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Definition
3 elements to a communication system:
sound source--signal--receiver
ex: larynx--speech--auditory system |
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| Components of a Sound Wave-- Wave motion must be either: |
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Definition
| wave motion must either be transverse or longitudinal. |
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| What wave motion results in an air medium? |
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Definition
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| Wave motions produce what? |
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Definition
| Compression and Rarefaction |
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Definition
| repetitive movement, back and forth (sine wave) |
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Term
| Types of mediums and Velocities |
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Definition
air: 1,100 feet per second
steel: 15,000 feet per second
h2o: 5,000 feet per second |
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Definition
| wavelength=velocity/frequency |
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Definition
| A phenomenon in which sound reflects or bounces off of a hard surface, and there is no change in phase. |
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| If sound is in the same phase when reflected it: |
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Definition
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| If sound is not in same phase when reflected it: |
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Definition
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| Measurable Characteristics of Vibratory Motion |
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Definition
| displacement, amplitude, frequency, period, and phase. |
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Definition
| at any instant, this is the distance from equilibrium to the position of the body at that point in time. |
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Definition
| the maximum displacement of a body from its position of equilibrium |
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Definition
| number of complete vibration cycles (cps) per unit of time, usually in seconds- Herz |
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Definition
| T (time) elapsed during a single complete vibration (frequency and period are inversely proportional) |
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Definition
| the portion of a cycle through which a vibrating body has passed at a given instant (expressed in degrees) |
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Definition
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Definition
| continues to vibrate until all energy is dissipated (pendulum, tuning fork, vibrating spring) |
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Term
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Definition
energy imparted on an object continues (stays in motion)
(ex- tuning fork against object) |
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Definition
| constant supply of energy continuing to drive it |
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Term
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Definition
| constant supply of energy continuing to drive it |
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Definition
sound slows, and is eventually gone.
decrease in amplitude over time, due to an outside force |
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Term
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Definition
| vibrates and returns to equilibrium w/out passing through it (vibration is suddenly stopped, due to an outside force) |
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Term
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Definition
| in any vibration- the intensity of a sound decreases proportionately to the square of the distance from the sound source: I=1/d^2 (where I=intensity, and D=distance) |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by structures that vibrate in a complex manner: has harmonies and overtones, fundamental frequencies. Does not follow sinosoidal manner. |
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Term
| Each mode of vibration of a complex sound... |
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Definition
| ...contributes to the overall shape of the resulting wave. |
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Term
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Definition
| single solitary sound- sound wave pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the frequency composition, amplitude, and phase of a tone are constant over time time. (ex: sustained vowel) No steady state sounds in speech! |
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Definition
| Single solitary sound, repetitive movement back and forth |
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Term
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Definition
| all frequencies within a complex sound |
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Term
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Definition
| a sound that repeats compressions and rarefactions at the same rate over a period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| not repeatable, not steady or regular |
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Term
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Definition
| process that breaks down the spectrogram of a complex sound (way to analyze a complex sound) |
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Term
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Definition
| ear can hear fundamental even when missing (generalize) |
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Definition
| any frequency within a complex sound that is higher than the fundamental frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| integral multiples of a fundamental frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest component of a complex sound |
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Term
| What is the average fundamental frequency for men? Women? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-not composed of sound waves
-complex sounds not made up of harmonics
-can be "intermittent" |
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Term
| What are the types of noise? |
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Definition
White Noise
Narrowband noise
Speech Noise |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of a lot of puretones |
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Term
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Definition
| intensity centered on one particular band of frequencies |
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Definition
| has most of its intensities centered around speech range (500Hz - 2000Hz) |
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Definition
| noise interferes w/our ability to hear speech |
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Term
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Definition
| vibratory response to an applied force |
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Term
| Which type of noise has the greatest masking effectiveness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| number of completed cycles per second (CPS) |
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Definition
-essentially how loud a sound is
-rate of energy flow per unit of area (per unit of time) |
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Term
| As sound moves away from the sound source... |
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Definition
| ...the intensity decreases |
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Term
| Intensity is expressed in.... |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| the power to which the base must be raised to equal that number |
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Definition
| based on a logrhythmic scale, measures relative intensity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
unit of loudness (dB) to equal that of 100Hz (only measured in a sound field)
A unit of perceived loudness that compares the loudness of a 100Hz tone to other frequencies. Loudness growth is greater in the low and high frequencies than the mid frequencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| graphical representation of phons compared to decibels across the frequency range of about 20-10000Hz |
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Term
| Phon curve is also known as the.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
softest level you can hear a sound
varies by person |
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Term
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Definition
| sound pressure level of a tone a threshold of audibility that is presented by a sound field |
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Term
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Definition
| sound pressure level of a tone at a threshold of audibility that is presented by an earphone. |
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Term
| What is the difference between MAF & MAP? |
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Definition
| when measuring MAF you are measuring intensity or SPL from where it hits the outer ear. The MAP measures SPL as it hits the eardrum. |
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Term
| Just Noticeable Difference/Difference Limen |
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Definition
| smallest difference in a stimulus value that a listener can detect |
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Term
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Definition
| as things get louder, less of a dB change needed to notice a difference |
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Term
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Definition
| less intensity needed to notice a difference |
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Term
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Definition
trials are presented- half of which contain a stimulus, half of which do not
listener will respond either "yes" or "no" |
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Term
| Signal Detection: Stimulus presented w/"yes" response |
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Definition
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Term
| Signal Detection: Stimulus presented w/"no" response |
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Definition
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Term
| Signal Detection: Stimulus not presented w/"yes" response |
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Definition
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Term
| Signal Detection: Stimulus not presented w/"no" response |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intensity of any one frequency in a band of noise |
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Term
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Definition
| highest frequency minus the lowest frequency |
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Term
| 2 sounds of equal sound pressure level in an unequal bandwidth.... |
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Definition
| sound w/narrower bandwidth has higher spectrum level |
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