Term
| Changes of TDLU after menopause? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 2 broad types of mastitis? |
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Definition
1) Puerperal (lactational)
2) Non-puerperal |
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Term
| Cause of lactational mastitis? |
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Definition
| Duct obstruction & milk leakage; breast milk cytokines incite inflammatory response |
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Term
| Rx - lactational mastitis |
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Definition
| Frequent emptying of breast. Abx. If abscess drain & discontinue nursing. |
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Term
| 4 types of Non-Puerperal Mastitis? |
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Definition
1) Duct Ectasia
2) Fat Necrosis
3) Granulatomous Mastitis
4) Inflammatory Carcinoma |
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Term
| 5 symptoms that make a breast mass most likely benign? |
|
Definition
| Tender/painful, changes during menstrual cycle, history of breast cysts, nipple discharge, hx of trauma |
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Term
| Circumscription, consistency, mobility - benign vs malignant? |
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Definition
Circumscription - well-defined (B), ill-defined (M)
Consistency - rubbery (B), firm/hard (M)
Mobility - freely mobile (B), attached to skin/chest wall (M) |
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Term
| Elderly woman w mastitis - what is most likely? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 4 components of duct ectasia? |
|
Definition
| Duct dilation, secretory stasis, periductal inflammation, fibrosis. |
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Term
| Dx of Fibrocystic Change is based on? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If Fibrocystic Change dx is indeterminate via H&P, what are next steps? |
|
Definition
| Mammography, ultrasonography |
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Term
| Duct epithelial hyperplasia w fibrocystic change indicates which type of fibrocystic change? |
|
Definition
| Proliferative fibrocystic change |
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Term
| Proliferative fibrocystic change w moderate/severe duct epithelial hyperplasia indicates what risk of breast CA? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Lobes open into the nipple via what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does each lobule end in? |
|
Definition
| Terminal Duct Lobular Unit (TDLU) |
|
|
Term
| Which hormones cause proliferation & enlargement of TDLU epi cells? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Mastitis after trauma is usually due to what? |
|
Definition
| Fat necrosis, free fatty acids complex w Ca2+ to form soaps |
|
|
Term
| Primary cause of granulomatous mastitis? |
|
Definition
| Ruptured silicone implant |
|
|
Term
| "Peau d'Orange" indicates what? |
|
Definition
| Dermal lymphatic invasion by cancer cells |
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|
Term
| Duct dilation, apocrine metaplasia, stromal fibrosis - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Leaf-Like" tumor - what is it and what does it feel like grossly? |
|
Definition
| Phyllodes Tumor; firm, circumscribed, mobile |
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|
Term
| Woman experiencing menopause w thick, green nipple discharge - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bloody nipple discharge - what is it? what is prognosis? |
|
Definition
| Intraductal Papilloma; benign |
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|
Term
| Young woman w painless, mobile, firm/rubbery mass - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What inherited mutation makes a tumor more likely to overexpress HER2/neu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A family history of breast and ovarian cancer is assoc w what inherited mutation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a TP53 mutation cause? |
|
Definition
| Li-Fraumeni/SBLA syndrome (soft tissue/bone Sarcomas, Brain tumors, Leukemias, Adrenocortical cancers) |
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|
Term
| Bone pain is seen with what breast pathology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 main types of breast ca? |
|
Definition
| DCIS, Invasive Duct Carcinoma, LCIS, Invasive Lobular Carcinoma |
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|
Term
| No palpable mass, w firm & "pebbly" tissue & cluster of finely stipples calcification on mammogram - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neoplastic epi cells replace epi of TDLU - what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is LCIS usually detected and why? |
|
Definition
| Incidental finding on biopsy; no palpable mass or calcifications |
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|
Term
| Small uniform malignant cells invading stroma single-file - what is it? |
|
Definition
| Invasive Lobular Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Cancer cells in the epidermis indicate what? |
|
Definition
| Paget's disease; underlying DCIS or Invasive Duct Carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Most common site of breast ca metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common distant sites of breast ca metastasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 prognostic markers of tumor aggressiveness? |
|
Definition
| Axillary LN involvement, tumor size, tubular (or other "good prognosis" types), histo grade, proliferation index |
|
|
Term
| ER/PR+ tumors should be treated how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tumors that overexpress HER2/neu should be treated how? |
|
Definition
| Herceptin (monoclonal ab) |
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