Term
| which of the cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the parasympathetic cranial nerves |
|
Definition
| oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerves provide parasympathetics to the head and neck region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the vagus nerve provide parasympathetic innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do most cranial nerves originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do the cranial nerves emerge from the ventral or dorsal side of the brainstem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does cranial I have special sensory fibers |
|
Definition
| only this nerve can detect smell |
|
|
Term
| path of axons in olfactory nerve |
|
Definition
| axons project through cribriform plate into olfactory bulb then to temporal lobe and limbic structures |
|
|
Term
| where is the primary olfactory cortexlocated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much olfaction do we lose each year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to test cranial nerve I |
|
Definition
| standard scents like vanilla, peppermint |
|
|
Term
| what makes cranial II special sensory |
|
Definition
| only nerve in the body that can detect vision |
|
|
Term
| are the retina and optic nerve part of the PNS or CNS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the axons of CN II |
|
Definition
| optic axons go through optic canal, cross at chiasm, and then project into primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe |
|
|
Term
| what 2 things can you test to test the optic nerve |
|
Definition
| visual acuity, visual field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tell me when you see my finger |
|
|
Term
| where are the ganglion cells of the optic nerve located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do physicians look for when they look into your eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the middle of the back of the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what diseases can physicians look for with the use of an ophthalmoscope |
|
Definition
| diabetes, hypertension, abnormal intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what part of the brain does oculomotor originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 separate nuclei of the oculomotor nerve that originate in the midbrain |
|
Definition
| oculomotor nucleus, edinger-westphal nucleus |
|
|
Term
| what does the oculomotor nucleus do |
|
Definition
| controls 5 extraocular muscles |
|
|
Term
| what does the edinger-westphal nucleus do |
|
Definition
| provides parasympathetic neurons to the sphincter pupillary muscle and the ciliary muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the oculomotor complex |
|
Definition
| the term used to refer to the edinger-westphal nucleus and to the oculomotor nucleus combined |
|
|
Term
| what do neurons from the oculomotor nucleus and the edinger-westphal nucleus form when they combine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the oculomotor nerve travel to after being formed by the edinger-westphal nucleus and the oculomotor nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with what type of fibers does the oculomotor nerve innervate 5 extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve |
|
Definition
| levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the levaotr palpebrae superioris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the superior rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the medial rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ist he action of the inferior rectus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the inferior oblique |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is CN III's parasympathetic actions |
|
Definition
| pupillary reflex and lens accommodation |
|
|
Term
| what muscle affects the pupillar reflex |
|
Definition
| sphincter pupillary muscle |
|
|
Term
| what muscle affects lens accommodation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does the oculomotor nerve have any sensory fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does lens accommodation allow for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you test oculomotor nerve |
|
Definition
| by assessing movement of the 5 extraocular muscles (follow my hand) or by testing pupillary reflex with a light |
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms of CN III damage |
|
Definition
| ptosis, lateral strabismus, diplopia, loss of lens accommodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is lateral strabismus |
|
Definition
| unopposed action of other ocular muscles when oculomotor nerve is lost. Causes eye to look down and out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| double vision caused by muscle imbalance |
|
|
Term
| does diplopia from oculomotor nerve damage last forever |
|
Definition
| no. the brain usually figures out diplopia after a while so that the double vision is corrected |
|
|
Term
| what muscles are still working that cause lateral strabismus |
|
Definition
| lateral rectus and superior oblique |
|
|
Term
| what is the pupillary reflex |
|
Definition
| light projected into one eye should cause constriction of both pupils |
|
|
Term
| what can the loss of the pupillary reflex indicate |
|
Definition
| brainstem injury from trauma or stroke or damage to oculomotor nerve/EW nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what nucleus does the trochlear nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the trochlear nucleus |
|
Definition
| in the midbrain near the inferior colliculus |
|
|
Term
| what is the only cranial nerve that exits the back/dorsum of the brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is CN IV a commonly injured nerve |
|
Definition
| it has a long intracranial course |
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the axons of CN IV after leaving the dorsum of the brainstem |
|
Definition
| courses into the orbit to innervate the superior oblique muscle |
|
|
Term
| action of superior oblique muscle |
|
Definition
| turns eye down and out like you're going down stairs |
|
|
Term
| what is the result of damage to trochlear nerve |
|
Definition
| difficulty turning eye down and out. Diplopia |
|
|
Term
| what does the affected eyeball do in response to trochlear nerve damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do patients with trochlear nerve damage compensate |
|
Definition
| tilt head away from affected side to bring the 2 visual fields back together and prevent diplopia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what nucleus does the abducens nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what part of the brain does CN VI originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the abducens nerve after it leaves the pons |
|
Definition
| courses to the orbit and innervates the lateral rectus muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the lateral recuts muscle |
|
Definition
| abducts the eyeball so that you can look laterally |
|
|
Term
| how do you test the abducens nerve |
|
Definition
| ask the pt to look laterally without moving their head |
|
|
Term
| why is CN VI a commonly injured nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the result of damage to abducens nerve |
|
Definition
| medial strabismus of eye due to unopposed action of medial rectus = cross-eyed |
|
|
Term
| is CN V a sensory or motor nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does CN V receive sensation information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve conveys sensory information from the cornea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve conveys sensory information from the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
| ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ophthalmic branch of trigeminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maxillary branch of trigeminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mandibular branch of trigeminal |
|
|
Term
| where do the sensory nerve cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve reside |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the sensory nerve cell bodies project |
|
Definition
| to neurons in the trigeminal sensory complex located in the pons and medulla |
|
|
Term
| which branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what musles of mastication does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal innervate |
|
Definition
| masseter, temporalis, pterygoids |
|
|
Term
| where do the motor nerve cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve reside |
|
Definition
| motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where is the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you test the sensory portion of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
| test sensation on various regions of the face. |
|
|
Term
| how can you test the motor portion of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
| by palpating the masseter and temporalis muscles as the patient clenches their jaw |
|
|
Term
| what nerve does testing the corneal reflex test |
|
Definition
| trigeminal nerve as well as facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| how to test the corneal reflex |
|
Definition
| cotton swab gently applied to cornea should initiate corneal reflex: should elicit a blink |
|
|
Term
| is CN VII a sensory or motor nerve? |
|
Definition
| both. Also parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what is the sensory component of CN VII |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the motor portion of CN VII originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the facial motor nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscles does the facial nerve innervate |
|
Definition
| all muscles of facial expression |
|
|
Term
| what does CN VII innervate parasympathetically |
|
Definition
| salivary glands, lacrimal glands |
|
|
Term
| from what part of the tongue does CN VII convey taste |
|
Definition
| anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| where are the cell bodies of the sensory fibers of the facial nerve located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observe symmetry of facial muscles as patients smile, raise eyebrows, tightly close their eyes. Administer common tastes to the tip of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| what is the result of damage to motor portion of CN VII |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the result of loss of sensory and parasympathetic portions of CN VII |
|
Definition
| loss of taste, reduced salivation/lacrimation |
|
|
Term
| what is the nerve of hearing and balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate |
|
Definition
| from the labyrinth located in the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 separate sensory nerves of the vestibulocochlear nerve |
|
Definition
| vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the cochlear nerve responsible for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vestibular nerve responsible for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the cochlear nerve receive hearing stimuli from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the cell bodies of the cochlear nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the cochlear nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| from where does the vestibular nerve receive balance/equilibrium stimuli |
|
Definition
| semicircular canals and otolith |
|
|
Term
| where are the cell bodies of the vestibular nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the vestibular nuclei located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to test the vestibulocochlear nerve |
|
Definition
| audiologist, finger snap test, Weber test, Caloric test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test of hearing: tuning fork applied to top of head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| easy procedure to assess vestibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| when would you want to test the vestibular nerve |
|
Definition
| if the patient has vertigo, dizziness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve |
|
Definition
| 1. taste to posterior 1/3 tongue; 2. sensation to posterior 1/3 tongue; 3. sensation to pharynx/throat; 4. sensation to the carotid body/sinus; 5. parasympathetic to parotid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use tongue depressor to stimulate gag reflex in the throat |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve carries the afferent limb of the gag reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of of the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
| 1. parasympathetic to organs in thorax and abdomen; 2. visceral sensation from organs in thorax and abdomen; 3. motor to muscles of the palate,pharynx, larynx |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers carry visceral sensation from organs in thorax and abdomen up vagus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do parasympathetics of CN X originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dorsal motor nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the parasympathetics of the vagus nerve after they leave the dorsal motor nucleus in the medulla |
|
Definition
| course in to the thorax and abdomen |
|
|
Term
| how to assess CN X function |
|
Definition
| observe swallowing, talking |
|
|
Term
| what can hoarseness indicate |
|
Definition
| paralysis of the laryngeal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is CN XI motor or sensory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CN XI innervate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does CN XI originate |
|
Definition
| spinal nucleus of accesesory nerve |
|
|
Term
| where is the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve |
|
Definition
| upper cervical spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observe symmetry of neck musculature; look for winged scapula; shrug shoulders against resistance; turn head against resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is hypoglossal motor or sensory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does hypoglossal innervate |
|
Definition
| motor innervation to muscles of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| where does CN XII originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the hypoglossal nucleus located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inspect tongue for atrophy, strength, and symmetry. Protude and abduct tongue against resistance. |
|
|
Term
| if there is damage to a hypoglossal nerve, will the tongue deviate toward or away from damaged nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the patient sticks their tongue out and it deviates to the right, what is wrong |
|
Definition
| right hypoglossal nerve damage |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test sense of smell with standard odor |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual acuity, visual field |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN III |
|
Definition
| oculomotor nucleus, edinger-westphal nucleus. Both in midbrain |
|
|
Term
| what is a test for CN III |
|
Definition
| test eye movements. Look for ptosis. Pupillary dilation. |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN IV |
|
Definition
| trochlear nucleus in midbrain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can't look downward when eye is abducted |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN V |
|
Definition
| trigeminal motor nucleus in pons; trigeminal sensory ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test sensation on the face. Palpate masseter and temporal muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN VI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN VII |
|
Definition
| motor in facial motor nucleus in the pons; sensory (taste) in geniculate ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what is a test for CN VII |
|
Definition
| test facial expression and taste on anterior tongue |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN VIII |
|
Definition
| spiral ganglion in the cochlea; vestibular ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what is a test for CN VIII |
|
Definition
| test hearing with tuning fork. Test vestibular function with caloric test |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN IX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test swallowing and pharyngeal gag reflex |
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN X |
|
Definition
| dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; vagal nerve ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN XI |
|
Definition
| spinal accessory nucleus; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the location of cell bodies of CN XII |
|
Definition
| hypoglossal nucleus in medulla |
|
|
Term
| what is a test for CN XII |
|
Definition
| test of deviation of tongue during protrusion |
|
|
Term
| are the cranial nerves central or periphery nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers (GVE)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the cranial nerves that have parasympathetic fibers? |
|
Definition
| CN III oculomotor, CN VII facial, CN IX glossopharyngeal, CN X vagus |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to head and neck region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to thorax and abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the neuron system of parasympathetic nerves |
|
Definition
| 2 neuron system: preganglionic, postganglionic |
|
|
Term
| CN I name, function, type |
|
Definition
| olfactory, smell, sensory |
|
|
Term
| CN II name, function, type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN III name, function, type, foramen |
|
Definition
| oculomotor, eye movements/lens accommodation/pupillary reflex, motor and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve opens eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve closes eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parasympathetic functions of CN III |
|
Definition
| pupil constriction, lens accommodation |
|
|
Term
| what are the regular motor functions of CN III? |
|
Definition
| motor to 5 muscles that move the eye, upper eyelid |
|
|
Term
| CN IV name, function, type, foramen |
|
Definition
| trochlear, moves superior oblique muscle of eye, motor |
|
|
Term
| CN VI name, function, type |
|
Definition
| abducens, moves lateral rectus muscle of eye, motor |
|
|
Term
| which nerve innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nerve innervates superior oblique muscle of eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V name, function, type |
|
Definition
| trigeminal, sensation from face and motor to muscles of mastication, sensory and motor |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 parts of the trigeminal nerve? |
|
Definition
| V1 = ophthalmic, V2 = maxillary, V3 = mandibular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facial: motor, sensory, parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what is facial nerves motor job? |
|
Definition
| innervate muscles of facial expression |
|
|
Term
| what is facial nerve's sensory job |
|
Definition
| special sensory to anterior tongue |
|
|
Term
| what is facial nerve's parasympathetic jobs? |
|
Definition
| innervation to lacrimal and salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| CN VIII name, function, type |
|
Definition
| vestibulocochlear, balance and hearing, sensory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glossopharyngeal, sensory/motor/parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what are the major functions of glossopharyngeal? |
|
Definition
| special sensory from posterior tongue (taste), sensation from pharynx, monitors carotid body/sinus, innervates parotid gland, moves one unimportant muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vagus, motor/sensory/parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| CN XI name, function, type |
|
Definition
| accessory, motor to SCM and trapezius, motor |
|
|
Term
| CN XII name, function, type |
|
Definition
| hypoglossal, move tongue muscles, motor |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerves have sensory fibers? |
|
Definition
| olfactory, optic, trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerves have motor fibers? |
|
Definition
| oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal |
|
|
Term
| which cranial muscles have parasympathetic fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
