Term
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Definition
functional unit: osteon
ossification: endochondral
hard bone
marrow: yellow |
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Term
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Definition
functional unit: trabeculus
ossification: intramembraneous
cancellous bone
marrow: red |
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Term
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Definition
| no diaphyses/epiphyses; cancellous sandwiched between compact bone |
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Term
| structure of short/irregular bone |
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Definition
| compact bone surrounds cancellous bone center; similar to long bone epiphyses; no diaphyses (not elongated) |
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Term
intramembraneous ossification
examples |
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Definition
takes place in connective tissue membrane (forms cancellous bone)
some skull bones, diaphyses of clavicle |
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Term
endochondral bone
examples |
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Definition
takes place in cartilage (compact bone)
basal skull bones, epiphyses of clavicles, most other bones |
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Term
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Definition
| initial ossification (both methods), later remodelled; after remodelling, intramembraneous and endochondral ossification are indistinguishible |
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Term
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Definition
| precursor to ALL connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| locations in membrane where intramembranous ossification begins |
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Term
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Definition
| lare membrane-covered spaces b/t developing skull bones; unossified |
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Term
| primary ossification centers |
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Definition
places in cartilage or membrane where ossification begins (both methods)
Diaphysis in long bones |
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Term
| secondary ossification centers |
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Definition
places in cartilage where ossification begins independent of the primary ossification center (exclusive to endochondral ossification and therefore compact bone)
Epiphysis in long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| growth of cells within the cartilage (responsible for longitudinal bone growth) |
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Term
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Definition
| growth of bone or cartilage on the surface of the tissue (osteoblasts, undone by osteoclasts on the inside) |
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Term
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Definition
| location of interstitial growth of cartilage, ossifies to form the epiphyseal line--ceases to grow |
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Term
| layers of the epiphyseal plate (from epiphysis to diaphysis) |
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Definition
Resting cartilage, Proliferating zone (mitosis), zone of Hypertrophy, zone of Calcification
Mnemonic: Really Pretty Hair Comb |
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Term
| Two factors that affect bone growth |
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Definition
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Term
| Four major nutrients and their affect on bone growth |
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Definition
| Calcium (part of mineral matrix of bone); protein (collagen subunits); Vitamin D (calcium absorption); Vitamin C (necessary for collagen synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamin D deficiency in childhood, stunts growth |
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Term
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Definition
| adult rickets leading to osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamin C deficiency, teeth fall out |
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Term
| 4 hormones that affect bone growth |
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Definition
| growth hormone (interstitial cartilage and appositional bone growth); thyroid hormone (general growth); estrogen/testosterone (pubescent growth, cause epiphyseal plate closure) |
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Term
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Definition
| regularly occuring during life; growth: more blast than clast, deficiency: more clast than blast; woven-->lamellar |
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Term
| four steps of bone repair |
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Definition
1. Hematoma 2. Callus 3. callus Ossification 4. Remodeling
Mnemonic: Helen Cracked Oswald's Ramus |
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Term
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone, responsible for stimulating Ca2+ harvest from bone for blood |
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Term
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Definition
| (compound), bone break with open wound |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| incomplete vs. complete bone fracture |
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Definition
| not vs. extending across bone |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete occurs on convex curve of bone, young bone, damaged periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete with no separation of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| complete with more than one piece resulting |
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