Term
|
Definition
| very large, multinucleated bone-reabsorbing cells |
|
|
Term
| Where are osteoclasts found? |
|
Definition
| In indentations of the bone matrix that they make called resorption bays or Howship's lacunae |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the cell that breaks down calcified cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the cell that breaks down dentin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main organic component in the matrix of the bone? What does it do? |
|
Definition
| Collogen fibers, they help prevent breaking |
|
|
Term
| What inorganic component is known to give bones their hardness? |
|
Definition
| Calcium phosphate, also called Hydroyapatite |
|
|
Term
| This is known as a specialized connective tissue that contains cells and intercellular matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of tissue bone contains? |
|
Definition
| Bone connective tissue, nervous tissue and blood CT, and cartilage in articular region of long bones |
|
|
Term
| The humerus is what type of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bones make up the wrist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bone is the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of bones are the skull and veterbra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bone is the patella (kneecap)? These bones develop within tendons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ends of long bones called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two names for the surface along the inner core of a long bone? |
|
Definition
| medullary cavity and marrow cavity |
|
|
Term
The shaft of a long bone is called the...
a) epiphysis
b)odontoblast
c) growth plate
d) diaphysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the endosteum and the marrow cavity? |
|
Definition
| The endosteum is the inner surface and the marrow cavity is the 3D area |
|
|
Term
| The outer surface of a long bone is called the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transition area between the epiphysis and diaphysis. There is columns of spongy bone in this region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| epiphysis is the green portion |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lineage of cells that result in osteocytes. |
|
Definition
| Mesenchymal cells -> Osteoprogenitor cells -> Osteoblasts -> Osteocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of osteoblasts? |
|
Definition
| build bone. They are involved in the mineralization of collogaen fibers and they synthesize and secrete organic bone matrix |
|
|
Term
| How do osteoblasts become osteoclasts? |
|
Definition
| as osteoblasts build the surrounding bone and become trapped in the bone, they differentiate into osteocytes |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure in the bone that osteocytes are housed in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are osteoclasts derived from? |
|
Definition
| hematopoietic stem cells -> macrophages -> osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| After osteoclasts attach to a bone, what happens for the degradation of the bone to occur? |
|
Definition
| Osteoclasts attaches to "sealing zone" of bone matrix with ruffled border. Osteoclasts secrete HCL and protein digesting lysosomal enzymes from ruffled borders. Proteolytic enzymes stored in lysosomes of osteoclasts. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two architectural types of bone in adults? |
|
Definition
| Compact bone - dense outer layer, Spongy (cancellous) bone - internal network of bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marrow that produces bloods cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marrow composed mostly of lipids and fats |
|
|
Term
| What anchors the periosteum to compact bone? |
|
Definition
| Transverse fibers known as Sharpey's Fibers |
|
|
Term
| Where is the periosteum not present? |
|
Definition
| Bone covered by articular cartilage, sesamoid bones found within tendons, and areas where tendons and muscle insert into bone. |
|
|
Term
| What is the network of the spongy bone called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the tunnel running through the Osteon called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects separate Haversian Canals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the concentric circles in the Haversian System called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are osteocytes from different lamella connected? |
|
Definition
| Small tunnel-like structures called Canaliculus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Acromegaly? |
|
Definition
| Increased bone formation in adults. Over production of somatotropin. Causes thickening of the bones, esp in the face. |
|
|
Term
| What is occuring during osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| increased osteoclast activity in comparison to osteoblast activity |
|
|
Term
| Osteomalacia is an adult version of this disease and is caused by a lack of what? |
|
Definition
| Adult version of rickets, caused by deficiency of Vitamin D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs in Paget's disease? |
|
Definition
| Excessive bone breakdown and formation which causes dense but fagile bone. |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the bone has fibrous and cellular layers like its cartiladge counterpart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't the periosteum cover the epiphysis regions in some bones? |
|
Definition
| Because the epiphysis could be covered in cartilage |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for the growth plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organic components of bone matrix. Unmineralized and composed of proteoglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins, and collagen |
|
|
Term
| Which of the bone cells does not divide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintain protein and mineral content of matrix, help repair damaged bone, |
|
|
Term
| What is the space between the plasma membrane of an osteocyte and the wall of lacuna called? What is there? |
|
Definition
| This is the Periosteocytic space, filled with extracellular fuild rich in nutrients and exchageable Ca generated from bone during bone resorption by osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| What does osteoclasts secrete when the are breaking bone? |
|
Definition
| HCL and lysosomal enzymes (Cathepsin K). HCL dissolves the inorganic matrix in the bone, Cathepsin K breaks down collagen and other matrix proteins |
|
|
Term
| Are osteoblasts enough for bone growth? |
|
Definition
| No, need a balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| What are the main components of the bone matrix? |
|
Definition
| 1/3 protein fibers (collagen type 1), 2/3 Calcium phosphate, and several glycoproteins. |
|
|
Term
| What glycoproteins are in the bone matrix? |
|
Definition
| osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoproteins, and osteonectin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crystals that form in the bone. Made of calcium phosphate. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main organic component of bone and dentine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is (are) the main organic component(s) of enamel? |
|
Definition
| amelogenins and enamelins (no collagen) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between primary and secondary bones? |
|
Definition
| Primary form during fetal development and are seconday bones are found in adults. Primary have a low mineral content while secondary are more calcified and are stronger. |
|
|
Term
| What does the endosteum face? |
|
Definition
| medullary or marrow cavity |
|
|
Term
| What does the endosteum consist of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haversian canals are lined with what kind of cells? |
|
Definition
| osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts. Both are invovled in bone rebuilding |
|
|
Term
| Where does the spongy bone originate from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other names for the spongy bone? |
|
Definition
| cancellous bone and trabecular bone |
|
|
Term
| What pathway do compact bone have than spongy bone don't have? |
|
Definition
|
|
