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| watershed year of the 20th century |
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| Two countries of the Cold War |
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first said in Winston Churchill speech in Missouri
division between democracy and Soviet-communist states in Europe |
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| Number of zones that Germany is divided into |
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| Countries that had zones in Germany |
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| Britain, France, USA, Soviet Union |
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| despite being the USSR zone, Berlin was divided into four subzones occupied by the USSR, USA, France, and Britain |
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| leaders at Yalta Conference and date |
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Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
Feb 1945 |
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| Roosevelt's concessions at Yalta |
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wanted USSR to be in UN and attack Japan
UN is main aim, hold and protect world peace
Stalin wanted buffer zones |
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| US would help provide economic support to help Europe recover from war |
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| make sure countries don't turn to communism in times of economic turmoil |
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| containment (prevent the spread of communism) |
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| North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
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pledge defense
USA, West Germany, Canada, other W.Europe members
formed in 1949 |
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| Soviets get this in August 1949 |
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| spies in America steal the design of the American bomb |
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| American response to USSR's bomb |
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| USA develops and tests the hydrogen bomb |
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| Mutually assured destruction |
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| USSR and USA can both obliterate each with their nuclear arsenals so no one dares to fire |
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| first major conflict post WWII |
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| this country falls to communism in 1949 |
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| where Korea was divided after WWII |
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| an attempt to unify Korea |
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| commander of UN forces in Korea |
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| pushed them back to a point and then stopped (38th parallel) |
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| result of Korean conflict |
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armistice declared in 1953
both sides technically still at war
containment achieved |
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| fired by Truman for insubordination (willfully disobeying authority) during war |
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| Soviet satellite launched in 1959 |
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| formation of space program and NASA to get to the moon |
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| USA president vs USSR leader |
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| Kennedy (1961-3) vs. Khrushchev (1953-64) |
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| takes over Cuba and sets up this government in 1959 |
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| Fidel Castro sets up communist dictatorship |
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| US trains Cuban exiles to invade and take out Castro |
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1,500 exiles land
1,200 captured
Kennedy never provided air support
Khrushchev sends missiles to Cuba in response |
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spy planes see missiles in Cuba
Kennedy demands them removed
US naval blockade on Cuba |
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| Result of Cuban Missile Crisis |
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Russian boats with missiles turn around
missiles taken out of Cuba
agree to never invade Cuba
USA takes missiles out of Turkey |
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| if one country falls to communism, others around it will fall to it as well |
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French kicked out in 1954
USA sends in advisers and gradually escalates
get out in 1973 and S.Vietnam falls to communism |
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Nixon administration
1980 Ronald Reagan elected (calls USSR the Evil Empire) |
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| SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) |
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could destroy all Soviet missiles in the air from satellite defense network
Soviets can't keep up with American technology |
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| USSR leader who came to power in 1985 |
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1989 E.European countries fall
Satellite Soviet States ask for help from USSR
economies fail and revolutions take place
USSR doesn't use force to intervene |
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becomes part of British empire
largest British colony |
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studied law in England
assignment in South Africa where stayed 21 years fighting for South African Indians |
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borrowed ideas from every religion
Philosophy of Actions |
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live simply, never seeking material rewards
be tolerant of religious beliefs of others
spend life in the service of others
battle injustice in all of its forms but never resort to violence |
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| Gandhi returns to India when he is 45 and given new name |
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highest - Brahman priests
lowest - untouchables
reincarnation |
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| 2 organizations formed near 1900 |
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Indian National Congress
Muslim League |
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| Gandhi's protest behavior |
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nonviolent
non-cooperation |
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British law that have the British the right to jail protesters for up to 2 years without a trial
banned gathering of protests |
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Hindus and Muslims gather to pray and protest British rule
British troops come in and shoot
400 killed and 1200 wounded |
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overnight millions of Indians went from loyal subjects to revolutionaries
Gandhi continues civil disobedience campaign
boycott of British goods (make own clothes) |
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| threatened independence movement |
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| conflict between Muslims and Hindus |
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| 1930 Muslims were asking for |
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| didn't want Hindu dominated Indian independence |
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| 1947 British turn over government |
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| after protest and riots, partition created and |
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| disputed area between India and Pakistan |
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Feb 1945 - Yalta Conference
1945 - WWII ends
1949 - NATO formed
1949 - Soviet gets nukes
1949 - China falls to communism
1950 - Korean War
1952 - USA develops hydrogen bomb
1953 - Korean War ends in armistice
1957 - Sputnik put into orbit
1959 - Fidel Castro takes over Cuba
Bay of Pigs
1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis
1963 - Kennedy assassinated
Vietnam
1979 - Soviets invade Afghanistan
1980 - Reagan elected
1985 - Gorbachev comes to power
1989 - communism begins to fall |
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1700's - India becomes part of British empire
1885 - Indian Nation Congress formed
1906 - Muslim League formed
1919 - Amritsar incident
1947 - British turn India over to Indians and Pakistan formed
1948 - Gandhi assassinated |
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