Term
| Which tissues are present in bone? |
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Definition
| osseus/bone tissue; cartilage; dense connective; epithelium; adipose; nervous |
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Term
| What are the components of the skeletal system? |
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Definition
| entire framework of bone and the cartilages that associate with them |
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Term
| What are the functions of the skeleton/ |
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Definition
| support; protect; assistance in movement; mineral homeostasis; blood cell production |
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Term
| What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood? |
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Definition
| hemopoiesis; hemopoietic tissue develops red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets |
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Term
| What is found at the ends of long bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which membrane lines the medullary cavity of a long bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true concerning bone histology? |
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Definition
| %50 crystallized mineral; %50 connective tissue (collagen, fibrous) |
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Term
| Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing bone matrix lost due to an injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing bone matrix lost due to an injury? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| made up of osteons and haversion system; few spaces; strongest form of bone tissue; beneath perioseum; makes up most of diaphysis in long bones; provides protection and support |
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Term
| what is found within compatct bone? |
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Definition
| caniculi; osteocytes; lamella |
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Term
| WHich structures allow communication between blood vessels adn nerves in the periosteum and endosteum? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the alignment of osteons in compact bone arranged? |
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Definition
| along lines of physical stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of bone scans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of a long bone? |
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Definition
| diaphyseal arteries and veins |
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Term
| What is the relationship of nerves and bones? |
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Definition
| nerves follow blood vessels to supply nutrients to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| bone formation requires replacement of preexisting connective tissue |
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Term
| What forms intramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
| mandible; flat plates of skull; bones that replace fontanals |
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Term
| What happens to the bone matrix during intramembranous ossificiation? |
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Definition
| trabeculae fuse to form spongy bone |
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Term
| Compare intramembranous ossification to endochondral ossification. |
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Definition
| do not lead to differences in the structure of mature bones; intra - bone forms directly w/ mesenchyme; end - bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme; end - allows for interstitial and appositional growth |
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Term
| What is teh name of the processes that cause bone to increase in size? |
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Definition
increase in diameter > appositional
increase in length > interstitial |
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Term
| What is the epiphyseal plate? |
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Definition
| made up of 4 zones of chondrocytes |
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Term
| What is teh zone of hypertrophic cartilage? |
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Definition
| layer of large, maturing chondrocytes arranged in columns and accumulating glycogen |
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Term
| What is teh zone of hypertrophic cartilage? |
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Definition
| layer of large, maturing chondrocytes arranged in columns and accumulating glycogen |
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Term
| Which event must occur first in appositional growth of bone? |
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Definition
| periosteal cells differentiate to form osteoblasts |
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Term
| What is required for proper bone growth? |
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Definition
| Vitamins (A, B, K, B12); minerals; hormones (IGFs, insulin, thryoid) |
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Term
| Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth at the epiphyseal plate in both men and women as they end adolescence? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| osteblasts and ostoeclasts |
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Term
| Explain the breakdown of bone matrix |
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Definition
| resorption > removal of minerals and collagen fibers by osteoclasts |
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Term
| In layman's terms, what is a greenstick fracture? |
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Definition
| one side of the bone is broken, the other is bent |
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Term
| What are the events of fracture repair in the order in which they occur? |
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Definition
| 1)formation of fracture hematoma; 2)fibrocartilaginous callus formation; 3)bony callus formation; 4) bone remodeling |
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Term
| Why is the regulation of CO2+ so critical to homeostasis? |
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Definition
| blood clotting; enzymes as cofactor; cardiac muscular and skeletal contractions |
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Term
| Which homrone is the most important in regulating the movement of Ca2+ between the blood and the bones? |
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Definition
| PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
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Term
| How does PTH elevate blood Ca2+ levels? |
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Definition
| by increasing the activity of osteoclasts |
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Term
| What happens when calcitonin levels rise? |
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Definition
| inhibits osteoclast activity |
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Term
| What happens in the aging process of bones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protect soft tissues and serve as anatomical landmarks |
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Term
| What makes up the muscoskeletal system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are found in the adult skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHich bone type is typically found in ligaments or tendons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are adult long bones usually slightly curved? |
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Definition
| bones curve to allow mechanical stress to be evenly distributed |
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Term
| What causes bone surface markings? |
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Definition
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Term
| A point of contact between two bones, bone cartilage, or bone and teeth is called a |
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Definition
| joint, articulation, arthrosis |
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Term
| Structural classification of a joint is based on |
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Definition
| 1)presence or absence of a space b/t articulating bones (synovial cavity) 2) type of connective tissue binding bones together |
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Term
| A student examining a joint observes collagen-rich connective tissue fibers linking the bones but finds no synovial cavity. Which structural classification fits the observed joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of synarthrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interlocking edges that reduce likelihood of a fracture |
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Term
| What are true of all synovial joints? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lubricate to reduce friction; acts as shock absorber; transportation of nutrients and O2 |
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Term
| Some synovial joints are strenghtened by joints that lie outside the articulare capsule or outside of folds of synovial membranes. such ligaments are called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| help bones fit together more closely |
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