Term
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Definition
| it is a type of connective tissue(specialized) |
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Term
| Describe the matrix of bone tissue. |
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Definition
| Calcified, containing many collagen fibers- crystals of calcium and phosphorus. |
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Term
| What secretes collagen fibers and matrix for bone tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| what matrues bone cells in lacunae? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is bone tissue vascularized? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of bone tissue? |
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Definition
supports and protects organs
provides levers and attachment site for muscles.
stores calcium and other minerals
stores fat
marrow is site for blood cell formation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| organic components of bone include: |
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Definition
cells, fibers, organic substances.
osteoid (extracellular matrix)
collagen |
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Term
| what is the extracellular matrix called in bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there collagen in bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is bone 65% made of? |
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Definition
inorganic mineral salts
primarily calcium phosphate (hydroxyappetite) |
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Term
| What do the inorganic mineral salts resist in bones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organs that contain bone tissue plus several other types of tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Other types of tissue/things included inbones? |
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Definition
nervous and blood tissue
cartilage in articular cartilages
epithelial (endothelal) tissue lining and blood vessels. |
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Term
| What is the dense outer layer of bone called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the internal network of bone trabeculae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the hollow cavity that is filled with marrow called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the types of marrow and what do they do? |
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Definition
Red marrow: blood cell production
yellow marrow: fat |
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Term
| What are the membrane/outer covering of bones? |
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Definition
periosteum (outer covering)
endosteum (covering inner layer of compact bone and trabeculae) |
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Term
| What are the two forms of compact bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the immature, only in embryo form of compact bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary unit in lamellar bone? How is it posistioned? Functions? |
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Definition
| osteon (haversian system) -Runs along long axis of bone, resists compression/tension, resists fractures |
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Term
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Definition
Has a hollow central canal with blood vessels and nerves.
Has concentric rings of compact bone around canal called lamellae.
Osteocytes lay down successive layers of ground substance, becomes calcified. |
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Term
| What interconnects different osteons in lamellar bone? |
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Definition
| Volkmann's canals- blood vessels continous between osteons and marrow cavity; nerves. |
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Term
| In lamellar bone, what allows osteocytes to communicate- passes nutrients from cell to cell. "small canals" |
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Definition
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Term
| The anatomy of bone reflects: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is compression and tension greatest in bones? Why? |
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Definition
| External surfaces b/c that is where compact bones are located. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone-tissue formation (osteogenesis) |
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Term
| How are membrane bones formed? |
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Definition
directly from mesenchyme: most skull bones, clavicle.
-intramembranous ossification |
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Term
| How do other bones (non membrane) form? |
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Definition
develop initially from hyaline cartilage.
-endochondral ossification |
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Term
| In endochondral ossification how are bones first modeled? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the modeling of hyaline cartilage model bones? |
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Definition
cartilage is replaced by bone-
1st and 2nd ossification centers
cartilage disintegrates; invaded by blood vessels
osteoblasts infiltrate, produce osteoid |
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Term
| Endochondral ossification begins- and ends? |
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Definition
| begins forming late in 2nd month of human development and continues forming until early adulthood. |
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Term
| What is the epiphyseal plate? where? |
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Definition
site of growth and hyaline cartilage.
In long bones |
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Term
| How is cartilage in epiphyseal plates? |
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Definition
cartilage is organized for quick, efficient growth.
the cartilage cells form tall stacks |
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Term
| Where are chondroblasts in epiphyseal plates? |
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Definition
| chondroblasts at the top of stacks divide quickly, pushing thhe epiphysis away from the diaphysis, which lengthens the entire long bone. |
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Term
| What are the two layers of bone? |
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Definition
| compact (outside) spongy (inside) |
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Term
| what signals the surrounding matrix to calcify when long bones are groing? What happens to them? |
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Definition
| the older chondrocytes. they then die and disintegrate. |
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Term
The dying and disintergrating old chondrocytes leave:
which:
then:
finally: |
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Definition
| leave trabeculae (spicules) of calcified cartilage on diaphysis side, they are partially eroded by osteoclasts, which then cover trabeculae with bone tissue. Trabeculae is finally eaten away from their tips by osteoclasts; replaced by bone. |
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Term
| During childhood and adolescence, bones lengthen entirely by: |
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Definition
| growth of the epiphseal plates. |
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Term
| During childhood and adolescence, how quickly is cartilage replaced with bone tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| During childhood and adolescence, the epiphyseal plate -- thickness? |
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Definition
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Term
| During childhood and adolescence, what part of the bone lengthens? |
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Definition
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Term
| During childhood and adolescence, what is appositional growth? |
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Definition
| growth of a bone by addition of bone tissue to its surface |
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Term
| What happens to chondroblasts as adolescence draws to an end? |
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Definition
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Term
| as adolescence draws to an end what happens to epiphyseal plates? |
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Definition
| they become thinner b/c cartilage stops growing and are being replaced by bone tissue. |
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Term
| as adolescence draws to an end, what happens to long bones? What is that caused by? |
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Definition
| stop lengthening when diaphysis and epiphsis fuse; causd by surge of sex hormones. |
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Term
| Where and when does bone deposit and removal occur? |
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Definition
| at periosteal and endosteal surfaces throughout life |
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Term
| osteoblasts accomplish what in bone remodeling? |
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Definition
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Term
| osteoclasts accomplish what in bone remodeling? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How big and how many nuclei does an osteoclast have? |
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Definition
| a giant cell w/many nuclei |
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Term
| what does an osteoclast do? |
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Definition
| crawls along bone surfaces to break down bone tissue by secreting concentrated HCL acid and releasing lysosomal enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition, ocrruing in most women after menopause. It is characterized by low bone mass. |
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Term
| What are some disorders of bones? |
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Definition
osteoporosis
osteomalacia
rickets
pagets disease
osteosarcoma |
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Term
| What occurs in adults when bones are inadequately mineralized (not enough Ca/P) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a form of bone caner? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is character of excessive rate of bone deposistion and resorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| what occurs in children, and is analogous to osteomalacia? |
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Definition
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