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Definition
| A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined |
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Definition
| A combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound |
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| the smallest particle of an element |
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Definition
| A measure of the force of gravity on an object |
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Definition
| A measure of how much matter is in an object |
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| The amount of space that matter occupies |
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| the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume |
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| The force that holds two atoms together |
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| A state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape |
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Definition
| A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape |
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Definition
| A state of matter with no definite volume or shape |
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Definition
| The relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure; when temperature increases, volume increases. |
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Definition
| The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at a constant temperature; when volume increases, pressure decreases. |
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Definition
| A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0) |
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Definition
| A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph forms a curve that slopes downward from left to right |
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Definition
| The total energy of a substance's or material's particles due to their movement or vibration |
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Definition
| The central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons |
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Definition
| Small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| Small uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| A tiny, negatively charged, high-energy particle that moves in the space outside the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of measurement for the mass of particles in atoms |
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Definition
| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| A representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element |
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Term
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Definition
| The electrons that are farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and involved in chemical reations |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons from other antoms of the same element. |
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Definition
| Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a group |
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Definition
| A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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Definition
| A term used to describe material that can be pounded over or rolled into a shape |
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Definition
| A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire |
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Definition
| A molecule composed of two atoms |
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Definition
| An element in Group 18 of the periodic table |
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Definition
| The elements in Group 17 of the periodic table |
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Definition
| An atom or group of atooms that is electrically charged |
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Definition
| The attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
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Definition
| A hcemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| The description of a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally, or of a molecule containing polar bonds that do not cancel out |
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Term
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Definition
| The description of a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally, or of a molecule containing nonpolar bonds or polar bonds that cancel out |
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Definition
| A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat |
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Definition
| A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |
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Definition
| A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reation |
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Term
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Definition
| A short, easy way to show a chemical reation, using symbols instead of words |
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Definition
| The principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reation |
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Definition
| The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reation |
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Definition
| A substance formed as a result of a chemical change |
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Definition
| A substance that enters into a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| A chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to rom a new, more complex substance |
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Definition
| A chemical reaction that breaks down a compound into simpler products |
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Definition
| A reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound, or in which two elements in different compounds trade places |
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Definition
| A form of the element carbon; the hardest mineral crystal on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of the element carbon in which carbon atoms form flat layers |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of the element carbon that consists of carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a number of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
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Definition
| An organic compound that contains only the lement carbon and hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of other elements |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of atoms, -OH, found in alcohols |
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Term
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Definition
| A substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is double or triple |
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Definition
| Small, carbon-based molecules that make up the links in a polymer chain |
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Term
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Definition
| A large, complex molecule built from smaller molecules bonded together |
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Definition
| a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
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Definition
| the state in which one object's distance from another is changing |
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Definition
| The distance an object travels in one unit of time |
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Definition
| Speed in a given direction |
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Definition
| The steepness, or slant, of a line on a graph |
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Definition
| The rate at which velocity changes |
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Definition
| A force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other |
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Definition
| The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place |
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Definition
| The force that pulls objects toward each other. |
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Definition
| Equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions |
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Definition
| Friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another |
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Definition
| Friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface |
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Definition
| friction that occurs as an object moves through a liquid |
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Definition
| A force that causes an object to move in a circle |
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Term
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Definition
| The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted; also the force of a gas's outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container |
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Definition
| A unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter |
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Definition
| Any substance that can flow and easily change shape |
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Term
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Definition
| The rule that when force is applied to a confined fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. |
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Definition
| The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object |
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Definition
| The rule that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object |
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Definition
| The rule that a stream of fast-moving fluid exerts less pressure than the surrounding fluid |
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Definition
| The product of force and distance when a force is used to move an object. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of work equal to one newton-meter |
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Term
| ideal mechanical advantage |
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Definition
| The mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction |
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Term
| actual mechanical advantage |
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Definition
| The mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation |
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Term
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Definition
| The percentage of the input work that is converted to the output work |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine consisting of a flat surface with one end higher than the other |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate about a common axis |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine consisting of a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple machine consisting of a rigid object that pivots about a fixed point |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which work is done or the rate at which one form of energy is converted into another |
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Definition
| The ability to do work or cause change |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that an object has because of its motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that is stored and held in readiness |
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Term
| gravitational potential energy |
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Definition
| Potential energy that depends on the height of an object |
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Term
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Definition
| Kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of changing one form of energy into another |
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