Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Presence is masked by a dominant, allele, will only express if both alles are recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| Differents alleles on homologous chromosomes eg: Aa |
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Term
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Definition
| Same alleles on homologous chromosome eg: AA or aa |
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Term
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Definition
| How the characteristics are expressed, what it looks like |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes actually present in the alleles |
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Term
| What hormones cause Labour |
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Definition
| Estrogen increases sharply oxytocin stimulates contractions relaxing dilates cervix |
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Term
| What cells, tissues, organs secrete female sex hormones |
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Definition
| Ovaries - growing mature folicules secrete estrogen, Progestrine - secreted by corpus luteum |
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Term
| What are the stages of Labour |
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Definition
| Dilation, Expulsion, Placenta stage |
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Term
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Definition
| In liver- removal of amine group amino acid. Amine is excereted as urea. acid group is used for A.T.P production in kerb cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| It inhibits secretion of ADH so fluid loss is uncontrolled |
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Term
| How does LH and FSH effect female reproduction |
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Definition
| FSH-APE hormone, stimulates folicular growth, LH-APE hormone, stimulates further development of ovarian follicles, stimulates corpus luteum |
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Term
| How doe LH and FSH effect male reproduction |
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Definition
| FSH-APE hormone stimulates sertoli cells to increase rate of spermatogenesis. LH-APE hormone stimulates ley dig cells to secrete testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| A mature sex cell ovam of female spermatozoon of male |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of cells for sexual reproduction, only in testes and ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division of body (except sex cells) chromosomes replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 regions - Cardia, fundus, boy pyloric. 3 muscle layers - circular, longitudinal and oblique. Rugae - increase size then decrease |
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Term
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Definition
| Hollow balls of cells that enters the uterine cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| Fertilized ovum before clearage |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest serous membrane of the body |
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Term
| Name the Retroperitoneal organs |
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Definition
| Kidneys, ascending and descending colon of large intestine, pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
The study of body structure
ie: heart, bones |
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Term
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Definition
The science of body functions
ie: aveoli allow gases from the lungs to the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Study of body markings that are visible to the eye
ie: flushed skin, acne |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more different tissues joined together. Organs have specific functions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All the anabolic and catabolic chemical processes that occur in the body |
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Term
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Definition
Maintaining the internal environment despite changes on the outside.
ie: increase/decrease in blood pressure, change in temperature |
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Term
| What is the nornmal body temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| Homeostatic control mechanism |
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Definition
| Receptor, control center, effector -negative and positive feedback loop |
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Term
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Definition
Opposes/reverses a change in a controlled condition.
ie: Blood pressure rises, receptors send out nerve impulses to control centre, control centre send nerve impulses to effectors (heart, blood vessels), bp returns back to normal |
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Term
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Definition
Strengthens or reinforces a change in the body's controlled condition
ie: Labour contractions, breastfeeding, blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| Standing upright, facing forward, palms facing forward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Body lying face up (bowl of soup) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Below, away from the head |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearer the attachment of the limb to the trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| Farther from the attachment of the limb to the trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| Closer to the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Further away from the midline of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| On the same side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| On opposite sides of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| Towards or at the surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body into left and right |
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Term
|
Definition
| Divides the body into upper and lower |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dives the body into front and back |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains urinary bladder, internal organs of the reproductive system, portions of the large intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Line the cavities that do not open to the exterior |
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Term
|
Definition
| Line the body cavities that open to the outside |
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Term
| What is the pleural cavity |
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Definition
| Fluid filled spaces that surround each lung |
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Term
|
Definition
| Space between the lungs extending from the sternum to the vertebrae column and from the first rib to the diaphragmn. Heart is located here |
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Term
|
Definition
| Separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity and is used for breathing |
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Term
| What region is the appendix located |
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Definition
| Right inguinal (iliac) region |
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Term
| Appendicitis is caused due to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Common term used for Occuli |
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Definition
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Term
| Common term used for Brachial |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Buccal |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Common term used for Patellar |
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Definition
| Anterior surface of the knee |
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Term
| Common term used for Frontal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Parietal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Temporal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Calcaneal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Gluteal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Axillary |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Cervical |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Common term used for Occipital |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Membrane that covers and protects the heart |
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Term
| Name the 3 layers of the heart |
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Definition
| Endocardium (inner most), Myocardium (middle), Epicardium (outer layer) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thin, transparent outer layer fo the heart wall, also called the visceral layer of the pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| Simple squamous epithelium |
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Term
| Name the 4 chambers of the heart |
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Definition
| Right and left atria (upper), Right and left ventricles (lower) |
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Term
| Describe the 'right heart' |
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Definition
| Consists of the right atria and right ventricle, takes venous blood from the body and pumps it to the luns for oxygenation |
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Term
| Describe the 'left heart' |
|
Definition
| Consists of the left atria and left ventricle taking oxygenated pulmonary blood and pumping it around the rest of the body |
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Term
| What is the function of Atrioventricular valves |
|
Definition
| Prevent the backflow of blood to the atria |
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Term
| What is the function of Semilunar valves |
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles |
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Term
| Atrial systole occurs when the ventricles are |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Ventricle systole occurs when the atria is |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of blood ejected by each ventricle per beat (70ml) |
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Term
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Definition
| Equalizes the ouput of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both the systemic and pulmonary circulation ie: the more you exercise the more efficient the heart will become. |
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Term
| Insulating material for the PNS |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Location of hearing receptors |
|
Definition
| Cochlea, Vestibule and Semicircular canals located in the Inner Ear |
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Term
| Branch of PNS using skeletal muscle |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Takes message toward the cell body |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cells that support neurons |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Collection of nerve cell bodies |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Collection of cell bodies in the PNS |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the cochlea |
|
Definition
| Main organ for hearing, the cochlea tells the brain that a sound has been heard |
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Term
| Where does fertilisation occur |
|
Definition
| In the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) |
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Term
| What will the placenta allow through |
|
Definition
| Oxygen and nutrients, C02 and waste out |
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Term
| What develops from the endoderm |
|
Definition
| Epithelial lining of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, several other organs also smooth endothelial lining of blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| An early stage of embryonic development formed by cleavage of fertilized ovum intermediate stage between zygote and blastocyst |
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Term
| What develops from Ectoderm |
|
Definition
| Tissues of the brain, nerves and the epidermis of the skin |
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Term
| What develops from Mesoderm |
|
Definition
| Blood, muscles, bones other connective tissue |
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Term
| Organs of G.I name and locate. |
|
Definition
| Mouth-oral cavity,Pharynx- thraot,Esophagus- upper thoracic, Stomach- upper left peritoneum, Small intestine- abdominal pelvic cavity intestine- abdominal palvic cavity, Teeth,tongue,salivary glands, mouth ,liver, gallbladder,pancreas |
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Term
| What is the function of the small intestine |
|
Definition
| Digestion and absorption of nutrients |
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Term
| What is the function of the digestive system |
|
Definition
| Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation |
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Term
| 4 layers of the G.I tract wall |
|
Definition
Mucosa- epithelium,lamina, propia muscularis mucosae.
Submucosa- areolar C.T
Muscularis- longitudinal muscle, circular muscle
Serosa- Areola C.T, epithelium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| anabolic, glcogen formation when glucose supply exceeds and ATP is required |
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Term
| What are the 2 functions of HCL. |
|
Definition
| kills bacteria, activates pepsinogen to become pepsin for protein. Digestion(catabolism). |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of the hepatic portal vein. |
|
Definition
| Transport deoxygenated nutrient rich blood directly to the liver. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fan shaped fold of the peritoneum. Binds jujunum+ illium to the posterior abdominal wall. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parietal cells in the stomach. |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the gall bladder. |
|
Definition
| Stores bile made in the liver between meals. |
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Term
| Name and location of enzymes that work on proteins |
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Definition
| Gastric juice - Pancreas - trypsin, chymotripsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase. Small intestine - brush border, enzymes - peptides |
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Term
| Enzymes that work on carbs are produced where |
|
Definition
| Mouth - salivary glands, salivary amylase. Pancreas - pancreatic amylase. Small - brush border - enzymes, dextrinase, maltase, sucrase, lactase |
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Term
| Name of enzyme and location of organ for lipid catabolism |
|
Definition
| Mouth- lingual lipase, tongue glands, gastric lipase - stomach chief cells. Pancreatic lipase - acina cells |
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Term
| Enzymes that work on carbs are produced where? |
|
Definition
Mouth: salivary glands, salivary amyiase.
Pancreas: pancreas amylase.
Small intestine,brush border
enymzes- dextrinase
maltose
sucrase
lactase |
|
|
Term
| Name+ location of enzymes that work on proteins |
|
Definition
Gastric juice- pepsin
Pancreas- Trysin, chymotripsin, elastase, carboxypeptisdase
Peptidase |
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|
Term
| Describe the structual modifications of the small intestine to improve function |
|
Definition
| Length provides large surface area for absorption, circular folds, villi+ microvilliincrases surface area |
|
|
Term
| How are fats used in cellular respiration. |
|
Definition
| Triglycerides are broken into glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol is converted to glyceride phosphate-pyruvic acid-kerb cycle then fatty acid is broken into 2 carbons which is beta oxydation- 2 carbon acetic acid joins COa to form Acetyl COA- kerb cycle. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the stomach? |
|
Definition
| Mixes content into chyme a reservoir for food before release into intestine, secretes gastric juices,HCL etc.. secretes gastrin into blood. |
|
|
Term
| Function of the Small Intestine |
|
Definition
| Organ where digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs |
|
|
Term
| Function of the Large Intestine |
|
Definition
| Absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmits the useless waste material from the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Waves of smooth muscle contractions that squeeze food along the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| Describe the term mesenteries in the digestive tract |
|
Definition
| Is the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen |
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