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| Articles of Confederation |
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| first constitutional document that linked the 13 colonies together for joint action in common problems. Told how the federal gov't would operate and made the name for the United States. |
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| document that stated that the acreage of the Old Northwest should be sold to pay off the national debt. It gave sections to the building of public schools. Gift of education to the Northwest. |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| forbid slavery in the Northwest,created the Northwest territory. |
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| uprising by Revolutionary War veteran farmers who were losing their farms. They wanted cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and a suspension of property takeovers. |
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| party formed by Alexander Hamilton with a large business/banker following. Nationalistic Ideas. |
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| re-election election of Martin Van Buren against a depression and the Whigs. Whigs unified for the first time behind William Henry Harrison. |
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| meeting that called for a Constitutional Convention. Only 5 states came. |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| meeting that addressed problems in governing the United States. Met to revise the Articles of Confederation, in the end chose to start a whole new document. |
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| plan that set forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature. |
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| opposed the Virginia Plan of taxes according to population (small state plan) asked for 1 vote per state. |
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*writing of the Constitution in 1787.
*commander of the Continental Army
*first President |
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| politician, inventor, writer |
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| first president to have served in Congress, believed strongly in checks and balances. Father of the Bill of Rights.Organized the Democratic-Republican Party. |
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first secretary of the treasury,economist, & founding father.
Came up with the idea of a National Bank. |
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| "Father of Factory System" in America. $ offered to him by english workers familiar with the textile machines. Samuel Slater's mill (1791) - child laborers (under 12) |
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| mechanical genius. #1 - 1791 built cotton gin - separate seed from short stapled cotton fiber (x50 better than handpicking process). #2 - interchangeable parts helped factories in north (helped union win war) |
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| DeWitt Clinton (Governor) |
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| "Clinton's big ditch" or "the Governor's Gutter" - Erie canal that NY built under his leadership (link Great Lakes with Hudson River) |
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| installed a powerful steam engine in a vessel (Clermont). called "Fulton's Folly". ^^steam boat. revolutional. |
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| In Reagan's Cabinet. he was highly controversial, secretary of the interior. He wanted to oil drill in scenic places (against EPA) . EPA won. |
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| teachers refused to instruct her in longterm >> she became feminist>> jailed trying to cast ballot 1872>> 15 Amendment - "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". she wanted the word sex to be added. failed. 50 yrs later constitution would agree. |
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| 1860 - carry mail speedily 2,000 miles past indians and bandits. 10 day trip |
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| PA to Lancaster, paid toll.return 15% annual dividends to its stockholders. brought rich trade to PA. |
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| politician widely considered to be the writer of the preamble of the constitution. |
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known as the "Tariff of Abominations", it was one of a series of tariffs passed after the War of 1812 during John Q. Adam's presidency.
Southernors (South Carolina specifically) despised the tariff for it favored northern economy. |
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| Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
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| proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, it resolved the Nullification Crisis (the southern crisis at the Tariff of 1828). This compromise gradually reduced the rates of the tariffs. |
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| (protectionist) largely written by John Q. Adams, and also opposed by South Carolinians. This was eventually replaced with the Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
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| American novelist-wrote Moby Dick (1851) |
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| A protectionist tariff effective after the War of 1812 |
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| Jackson vetoes the Maysville bill which would have allowed the Federal gov't to purchase stock in the Maysville road company. |
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| Peggy Eaton's husband died, and so quickly after she remarried Senator John Eaton. Jackson felt her scorn, for he too felt it. |
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| crushes Martin Van Buren's presidency. the banks were crashing (leaving people jobless) and were known as 'wild cast banking. |
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| a French revolutionist who went to different cities to recruit people |
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| politician who was widely considered to have written the preamble in the constitution. |
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| 3rd prez yo. wrote the Dec. of Independence. promoted republicanism |
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| 2nd PrEz YO. he was a gangster. just kidding. he was a conservative federalist. signed the alien and sedition acts and was involved in the XYZ affair (examine your zipper) |
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| writer of Common Sense, radical. some say his pen started the true meaning of the Revolutionary War. |
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| head of first congress, technically first president. |
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| close associate of Emerson. poet, mystic, transcendentalist and nonconformist. codemn govt that supported slvaery. jailed for not paying poll tax. wrote Walden: Or Life in the Woods (1854) |
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| he helped with the declaration of independence. many say he was a violence promoting person and a master at propaganda.a popular beer name. he was a "bear" which is a sports team like the patriots and he was a patriot. |
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| orator and politician "Give me Liberty or Give Me Death" exponent of Republicanism |
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| created a collectoin of poems, Leaves of Grass. handled sex with frankness, romantic, emotional, unconventional, banned in Boston. financial failure. |
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| provided procedure for electing the Prez. and Vice Prez. |
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| innovative ideas for buisness and factories. cotton gin, steam engine, textile mills, steel mills, interchangeable parts, metal plow, |
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| plan of the Senate having two people from each state to represent, and house of representatives depends on population. |
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| committee/group that elects candidates to a certain office. |
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| compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. |
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| has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. |
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| the House of Rep. and the Senate (form the United States Congress) |
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| members are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. Supreme Court. |
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| replaced the Embargo Act of 1807, said the United States would trade with everyone, but Britain and France. (lifted all bans on trade with countries except France and Britain.) |
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| a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy that opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812. Grew up in Ohio. |
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"Tippecanoe"
*Whig
*9th Prez
*military officer (general)
*politician
*1st prez. to die in office.
*Battle of Thames 1813 victory |
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| a decisive American victory in the War of 1812. It took place on October 5, 1813, near present-day Chatham, Ontario in Upper Canada. It resulted in the death of the Shawnee chief Tecumseh, and the destruction of the Native American coalition which he led. |
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| an event from December 15, 1814–January 4, 1815 during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed. |
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| wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". |
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| amendment that deals with each state's sovereign immunity from being sued in federal court by someone of another state or country. |
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| the act of compelling men into a navy by force and without notice. |
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| orders that forbade French trade with the United Kingdom, its allies, or neutrals, and instructed the Royal Navy to blockade French and allied ports. |
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| "Clinton's Big Ditch" -under leadership of De Witt Clinton. New York 1825. to protect investment - 1833 NY prohibited railroads from carrying freight. Erie Canal provided for employment. |
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*an early American architect
*first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession. |
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| high valued cargo in record times (tea trade). iron tramp streamers beat clipper ships. they were steadier, roomier, more reliable MORE PROFITABLE. |
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*Legend of Sleepy Hollow
*Rip Van Winkle |
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| known for writing the first Merriam-Webster dictionary. |
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| invented telegraph. originally was a poverty stricken portrait painter. then he secured position in congress with $30,000 invention |
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| invented steel plow that broke virgin soil. light enough to be pulled by horses. |
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| wrote the Leatherstocking Tales, wrote to the National. |
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| *fourth President of the United States, *Father of the Constitution |
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*American planter
*represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives
*served as Speaker.
*served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829. |
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| staunch abolitionist. strong language that offended many. wrote antislavery paper "The Liberator". triggered 30 year war of words >>one start up of civil war. wanted north to secede from south. |
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proposed legislation introduced by John C. Calhoun to provide a federal highway linking the East and South to the West *using the earnings bonus from the Second Bank of the United States.
*vetoed by James Madison |
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| suffered through hunger, cold, poverty, and debt.failed at suicide. gifted poet, and horror short stories. "The Raven" "The Gold Bug" "The Fall of the House of Usher" |
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*warhawk
*proposed legislation to provide a federal highway linking the East and South to the West |
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| naturalist painted bird lore. "Birds of America" painting. Audobon Society for protection of birds. |
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| 2nd National Bank of the U.S. |
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*chartered because in the War of 1812, the U.S. experienced severe inflation and had difficulty in financing military operations.
*low credit levels still low
*proposed by Madison
*Jackson ruined it. |
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*5th Prez. of the United States
*Prez. during "Era of Good Feelings"
*noted for his proclamation in 1823 of the Monroe Doctrine
*secretary of state
*secretary of war |
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*6th Prez. of the United States
*a corrupt bargain election
*proposed educational advances |
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| a United States Supreme Court decision most noted for John Marshall and the Court's assertion of its power to review state supreme court decisions in criminal law matters when they claim their Constitutional rights have been violated. |
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| national unity emerges. Monroe's presidency. Land Agreements: Rush Bagot Agreement, Treaty of 1817. Florida (James Onis Treaty). Panic of 1819, Missouri Compromise |
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*allow for a system based regulation that allows one branch to limit another, such as the power of Congress to alter the composition and jurisdiction of the federal courts
*to prevent one branch from becoming supreme. |
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| Jackon's non official cabinet, who inform him on the fickle winds of public opinion |
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| a statement in the U.S. Constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers. |
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| *in this, each estate is largely (although not necessarily entirely) independent of the others. |
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*a system in which the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation.
*concept in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head.
*term used to describe a system of the government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and state/province authority. |
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| Adams land policy for no expansion west angered Georgians. Since they couldnt move west, they wanted to kick the Cherokee indians out. govt wanted to intervene, but Georgia governor threatened with arms. hurt Adam's career. |
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*an American political party founded in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.
*counteract the Federalists
*strict construction of the Constitution, and denounced many of Hamilton's measures (especially the national bank) as unconstitutional.
*strongest in the South and weakest in the Northeast
*favored states' rights and the primacy of the farmers and the planters over bankers, industrialists, merchants, and investors. |
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| "conducted" underground railroad. runaway slave. |
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| a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson. |
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| Hamilton's Financial Plan |
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*proposed by Hamilton in 3 reports & implemented by Congress during George Washington's 1st administration.
* First Report on Public Credit -pertaining to the assumption of federal and state debts and finance of the United States government.
* Second Report on Public Credit -pertaining to the establishment of a National Bank.
* Report on Manufactures -pertaining to the policies to be followed to encourage manufacturing and industry within the United States. |
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| 1800 led an armed insurrection (against govt)in Richmond Virginia. betrayed by informers, the laders were hung. |
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| approval by the principal of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal. |
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*dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government).
*opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the Constitution of 1787. |
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| believe gov't should be constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and state/province authority. |
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| Britain recognizes America independence and boundaries. spain takes florida.Britain keep Canada. Britain and US can use Mississippi River. US can fish off of Newfoundland. Individual states should give back land to Loyalists.The U.S. govt allow British merchants to collect debts from individual states |
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*a series of 85 articles or essays advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution.
*a primary source for interpretation of the U.S. Constitution |
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*first capitol building of the United States of America under the Constitution
*site of George Washington's inauguration. |
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*the name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
*introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of legislative articles. |
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| prescribed that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court," and such inferior courts as Congress saw fit to establish. |
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| Hamilton's plan stating that states' debt should be taken over by the national gov't. |
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*created to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed United States
*proposed by Hamilton |
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| Fund National Debt at Par |
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| Hamilton's proposal that said that Congress would have to fund the entire debt at par, which meant that the federal government would pay back all borrowed money with interest. |
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| a tax on a good produced for sale, or sold, within a country. |
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*This factor was one of the major causes of the Civil War.
*2nd statute ever enacted by U.S. new federal gov't.
*facilitated the growth of Northern manufacturers by having the imported goods absorb the federal treasury's financial needs
*harmed Southern farmers by making foreign-made products more expensive. |
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| The belief that the interpretation of the US Constitution should be based only on adhering to the ‘original intent of those who drafted the Constitution or the amendment in question. |
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| states if something is not in the U.S. constitution then it doesn't mean you can't do it. |
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*a 1791 excise tax on whiskey that was a central grievance of the westerners, caused a revolt.
*a resistance movement in the western part of the United States in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. |
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b/w Br. and U.S.
Reasons:
1. expansion
2. trade restrictions
3. impressment
4. Br. support of Indian tribes against America's expansion
5. humiliation |
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| battle b/w white settlers and Natives that drove out Indian resistance in Pennsylvania/Ohio. |
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*a coalition of Native Americans & Frontiers men, known as the Western Confederacy & U.S.
*It put an end to the Northwest Indian War. |
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| a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war,solving many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783 |
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*established intentions of friendship between the U.S. and Spain.
*defined the boundaries of the U.S. with the Spanish colonies & guaranteed the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River. |
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| George Washington's Farewell Address |
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| read at the end of his 2nd term as Prez. of the U.S. & before his retirement to his home at Mount Vernon. |
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| *compromise between Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan. |
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*lead up to the War of 1812.
*If Br. or Fr. drops trade restrictions, you will only trade with that country. |
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*battle in response to rising tensions with the tribes and threats of war.
*tribal forces took the army by surprise |
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*English military man.
*open affiliation with despised Church of England.
*Curbed town meetings, laid heavy restrictions on courts, press, and school.
*enforce navigation laws.
*After revolt in england, colonials inspired and had Andros shipped off to England. |
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*alongside Miles Standish, makes Mayflower Compact.
*becomes governor in Plymouth 30 times. *Great leader, helped Plymouth survive through first winter.
*traded fur, fish, and lumber |
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*A preacher in the great awakening, emotionally moving listeners to tears while talking of eternal damnation non believers would face.
*His methods sparked debate among his peers. |
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*In Massachusetts, claimed holy life was no sure sign of salvation and the truly saved do not need to obey law of either god or man.
*Trial in 1683, boasted her beliefs are directly from god. Banished from colony and went Rhode Island. Died in NY after an attack by Indians. |
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| first governing document of Plymouth County, Massachusetts (during the colonial era) and was written by Pilgrims |
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*an uprising in the Virginia Colony (1676) led by Nathaniel Bacon
*they resented Virgina gov. William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans and attacked the Indians themselves |
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*a large-scale religious revival
*first of 4 revivals
*Key People: Jonathan Edwards George Whitefield
*mid 1700's |
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| an undocumented British policy which AVOIDED strict law enforcement to keep the American colonies obedient |
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| the stage of triangular trade in which millions of slaves were taken from Africa to the New World |
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| the first settlers of Plymouth County, Massachusetts (during the colonial era) |
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| a grouping of English Protestants, largely seen during the 16th and 17th centuries |
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| economic theory in which the prosperity of the nation (American colonies) depends on the supply of it's capital (Britain) |
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| this dominion was set forth by England in order to prevent the Americans from wanting to rule themselves |
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| a Christian denomination that emerged in the mid 1600's-they settled in Pennsylvania and are religiously tolerant |
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| a (typically) young, unskilled laborer who came to America to work as a slave, HOWEVER only for a fixed period of time in exchange for their transportation, food, lodging, etc. |
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a series of hearings to prosecute women accused of witchcraft
*specifically in Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex in Colonial Massachusetts. |
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| a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more individuals that own shares of stock in the company |
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headright- a legal grant of land to settlers.
In Jamestown, Virginia (1616) the system was used to solve labor shortages, as well as attract immigrants |
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*a star shaped fort
*best known for its role in the War of 1812
*successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in the Chesapeake Bay.
*where Francis Scott Key wrote the national anthem. |
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*naval officer.
*leading member of "Preble's Boys", a small group of naval officers who served during the First Barbary War.
*War of 1812 commander
*commander of American naval forces in Lake Champlain he won the decisive Battle of Lake Champlain, also known as the Battle of Plattsburgh. |
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*fought August 24, 1814, during the War of 1812
*The defeat of the American forces there allowed the British to capture and burn the public buildings of Washington, D.C.
*It has been called "the greatest disgrace ever dealt to American arms."[3] |
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| loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than the nation as a whole. |
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| The Duel-Hamilton vs. Burr |
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| a duel b/w two prominent American politicians at Weehawken in New Jersey, one shot and mortally wounded the other. |
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| rules of law issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). |
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| people from the masses came to the inauguration of Old Hickory (Jackson) common folk were looking for prestigious political office from the people's man |
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| the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. |
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| political conventions held every four years in the United States by most of the political parties who will be fielding nominees in the upcoming U.S. presidential election. |
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*American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician.
*joined the Anti-Jacksonians in opposing President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act
*his opposition to Jackson caused his defeat when he ran for re-election in 1830 |
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*the first "third party" in the United States.
*It introduced important innovations to American politics, such as nominating conventions and the adoption of party platforms. |
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*supported the supremacy of Congress over the presidency and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism.
*opposed Jackson |
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| people who supported expansion, opposed the federal government interfering with state governments, and opposed a national bank, like Jackson did. |
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| women involved in an affair during Jackson's presidency, much like his with Rachel Robards. |
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*a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party
*Jackson's presidency was the peak of it. |
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*name used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe the collection of unofficial advisers he consulted in parallel to the United States Cabinet (the "parlor cabinet")
*following his purge of the cabinet at the end of the Eaton affair and his break with Vice President John C. Calhoun in 1831. |
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*8th U.S. Prez.
*election of 1836
*dealt with the Panic of 1837. |
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*Whig leader who had nationalistic views
*influence on Marshall Court |
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*debated with Webster
*opposed the Tariff of 1832
*upheld the doctrine that slavery was a domestic institution and should be dealt with only by the individual states. |
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*first contested American presidential election and the only one to elect a President and Vice President from opposing tickets.
*Adams won |
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*election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.
*central issues included opposition to the tax imposed by Congress to pay for the mobilization of the new army and the navy in the Quasi-War against France in 1798, and the Alien and Sedition Acts |
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*election where Jefferson easily defeated Pinckney *conducted following the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Under the rules of the Twelfth Amendment, presidential electors were required to specify in their votes their choice for President and Vice Presiden |
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*election where Madison defeated Federalist candidate Pinckney.
*This election was the first of only two instances in American history in which a new President would be selected but the incumbent Vice President would continue to serve.
*It would prove to be the last election in which Virginia dominated the electoral college |
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*election in which Monroe won the electoral college by the wide margin of 183 to 34.
*dispute about indiana being a territory, not a state at the time of voting. |
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*election that made Martin Van Buren President
*last election until 1988 to result in the elevation of an incumbent Vice President to Prez. by means other than the president's death or resignation.
*a major political party intentionally ran several presidential candidates.
*the first (and to date only) time in which a Vice Presidential election was thrown into the Senate. |
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Term
| Proclamation of Neutrality |
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Definition
*a formal announcement issued by Prez. GW on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain.
*led to the Neutrality Act of 1794 |
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*a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War.
*took place in John Adams' presidency. |
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*an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800.
*ended with the Convention of 1800 |
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*5th U.S.Prez.
*Prez. during "Era of Good Feelings."
*Panic of 1819
*had a fierce national debate over the admission of the Missouri Territory.
*proclamation in 1823 of the Monroe Doctrine, which stated that the U.S. would not tolerate further European intervention in the Americas. |
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Definition
*passed in 1798 by the Federalists during the Quasi War.
*extended the duration of residence required for aliens to become citizens of the United States from five years to fourteen years.
*authorized the president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States."
*authorized the president to apprehend and deport resident aliens if their home countries were at war with the United States of America.
*made it a crime to publish "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or its officials. |
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Term
| Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions |
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Definition
*opposed the federal Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and should be void.
*argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution.
*written by Jefferson and Madison. |
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| *house designed by Jefferson. |
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*stands on land purchased in 1788 by James Monroe.
*Guided by Jefferson. |
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| laws in each American colony that prohibited most natural rights for slaves |
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*a landmark case in United States law.
*the first time the Supreme Court declared something "unconstitutional"
*established the idea of judicial review.
*helped define "checks and balances" |
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Definition
*pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa
*The threat made by them led directly to the creation of the U.S. Navy in March 1794. |
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Definition
war b/w France and Great Britain
*British colonists wanted to take over French land in North Am.
*also wanted to take over fur trade in French held territory
*Brit. soldiers against French+Native Am.
*war ended when Wolfe captured Quebec
Results:
*peace treaty of 1763-Brits got most of French land in North Am.
*Brits taxed Am. colonies to pay for war |
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*proposed by Ben Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754
*attempted to form a union b/w colonies during French&Indian War |
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Definition
*a vital moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson
*done b/c Jefferson felt weird about Fr. & Sp. having the power to block U.S. trade access to the port of New Orleans.
*doubled the size of the United States |
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Definition
*a military and political leader of France and Emperor of the French
*actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century. |
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Definition
*a.k.a. the Treaty of Paris
*ended the French&Indian War/Seven Year's War (it's other name)
*signed by Great Britain, Spain, France, and Portugal
*Britain gains Canada and Louisiana (east of Mississippi River) from France
*Britain gains Florida from Spain
*France gains parts of W. Indies |
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*a rebellion, launched in 1763, by Native American Tribes angered by British post-war policies in the Great Lakes region after French&Indian War
*Britain won and signed a peace treaty |
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Definition
*"The Chancellor"
*negotiated the Louisiana Purchase
*U.S. Prime Minister to France |
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Definition
*a meeting between the United States of the U.S. and France to settle the hostilities that had erupted during the Quasi-War.
*led to The Treaty of Mortefontaine. |
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Term
| Proclamation Line of 1763 |
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Definition
*prohibited Am. colonists from settling west of an (imaginary) line drawn down the Appalachian Mts.
*was to avoid warfare w/ Indians
*aided mercantilism |
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Definition
*led the 1st U.S. expedition (1804–1806) to the Pacific Coast.
*to find a "direct & practicable water communication across this continent, for the purposes of commerce" --Jefferson |
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Term
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Definition
*modified version of 1733 Sugar+Molasses Act
*passed in 1754, it lowered the rate of tax on molasses, but added tax on more foreign goods like
-sugar
-wine
-coffee etc. |
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Definition
(1765) *direct tax by Brit. parliament to Am. colonies
*printed materials (legal docs, mags, newspapers) must be produced on stamped paper |
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Definition
*series of laws passed in 1767 by Brit. Parliament on Am. Colonies
*proposed by Charles Townshend
*new taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea |
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Definition
| *(constitutional nullification) every U.S. state has the power to nullify any federal law they deem unconstitutional |
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*dinner in which Jackson makes a toast to South Carolinian John C. Calhoun stating "may the Union NEVER be broken"
*Calhoun agreed out of fear, and so ended South Carolina's plan to succeed the US |
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Definition
| an area United States was interested in |
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Definition
*7th Pres of U.S.
*Election of 1828 and 1832
*Spoils System
*wanted no national bank
*nullification crisis
*Trail of Tears (Indian removal) |
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Definition
*president of 2nd National Bank of US
*Andrew Jackson's mortal enemy |
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Definition
*"Indian Removal"
*During Jackson's presidency
*forced relocation of Native Americans
*many suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation and many died as well |
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Term
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Definition
*Native American group in America
*principally Georgia, Carolinas, and E. Tennessee
*were removed in Jackson's Trail of Tears |
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Definition
*Native American group in America
*native to mainly Florida
*took part in the Seminole Wars |
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Definition
*Native American group in America
*native to mainly Georgia |
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Definition
(1832)*small war b/w Americans and Indians when the Indians invaded Illinois
*led by prominent Indian-Black Hawk
*led to Indian Removal (Jackson) |
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Definition
*supreme court justice
*responsible for the Dred Scott decision |
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Term
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Definition
*degrading term for state banks selected by the US Treasury to receive surplus gov't funds
*a.k.a. Wildcat Banks
*made when Jackson vetoed the recharter for the 2nd Bank of the US |
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Definition
*American lecturer, essayist, and poet
*famous for 1836 essay, Nature
*famous speech entitled "The American Scholar" given in 1837 |
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Definition
*9th Pres. of US
*first pres to die in office
*delivered his inaugural address on a cold, wet day
*became ill w/ cold and died
*shortest presidency in history |
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Definition
*10th Pres. of US
*replaces Harrison
*Notable Fact: Although he was a Whig, he vetoed all Whig proposals
*later became a Senator of the Confederation |
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Definition
| *Father of modern revivalism and 2nd Great Awakening |
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Definition
| largescale religious revival/reform from the mid-late 1800's |
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Definition
*Christian sect
*believed in open-air masses/meetings |
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Definition
*Christian sect
*believed in social equality |
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Definition
*first factory system in the US
*led by Francis Cabot Lowell |
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Term
| South Carolina Exposition and Protest |
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Definition
*letter written by South Carolinian John C. Calhoun
*stated that South Carolina had the right to succeed the US if policies and laws of US gov't weren't beneficial to them
*in response to Tariff of Abominations
*shut down during Jefferson-Day Dinner |
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Definition
*first major women's rights convention
*arranged by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
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Definition
| a society governed by the ideal/perfect social, political, and legal system |
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Definition
*highly regarded entrepreneur
*founder of Lowell Mills |
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Definition
*1842 Massachusetts Supreme Court decision
*stated that unions were legal organizations |
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Definition
*most famous slave rebellion leader
*a former slave residing in Virginia
*killed 50 white people (men, woman, and children) |
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Definition
| area U.S. was interested in |
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Definition
| saves Washington's picture, increased profile of the First Lady |
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Definition
| naval leader, leads American to victory in Battle of Lake Errie ( Part of War of 1812) |
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Definition
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Definition
| leader of shakers, believed Jesus would be reborn and in Adult Baptism |
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Definition
| Led by Joespsh Smith, and poligemy |
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Definition
| belived in Universal education |
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Definition
| former slave, , reformer of Civil War, abolishinest |
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Definition
| Takes mourmans to Utah, created BYU ( Brigham Young University), Finds Salt lake City |
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Definition
| Homebase for Mourmans and Brigham Young |
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Definition
| developed the plan of moving the mentally disabled to hospital, reformer for mentally handicapped |
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| Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
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Definition
| Early Reformers for Womens' Rights |
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Term
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Definition
land bought with gold and silver,
NOT paper money |
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Definition
| during Thomas Jefferson's presidency, when thingsgs ( such as land) were being discovered |
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Definition
*several acts of Parliament
*regulated colonial issued paper money
*protected British merchants from being paid with valueless colonial currency
*caused much tension b/w Britain and the colonies |
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Definition
| discovered Rocky Mountains area and finds " " Pike's Peak" |
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Definition
*2 18th century acts by Parliament
*stated that colonials must adequately house British soldiers in their own homes |
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Definition
| British ship " Leopard" impresses U.S.A.'s " Cheaspeake" 's sailors |
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Definition
| 1st major panic in AMerican History |
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Definition
| America vs. Spain. Florida given to US. Border of Mexico set |
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Term
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Definition
THERE WERE 2 WILLIAM CRAWFORDS, THE SUBSITUTE TEACHER SAID ON THE TEST, THE SECOND WILLIAM cRAWFORD WILL BE ASKED ABOUT
1. Andrew Jackson's Secretery of State
2. Solider under George Washington, set on fire by Native Americans |
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Definition
| Andrew Jackson's wife; married Andrew Jackson before her divorce with another man was finalized |
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Definition
*meeting in the October of 1765 in NYC w/ reps from the 13 colonies
*discussed/acted upon the recently passed Stamp Act |
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Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Definition
*govt's organized by Patriot leaders of the colonies
*served a very important role in the Revolution
*they organized the opposition towards Britain's policies and rallied colonials |
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Term
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Definition
*an incident that led to the deaths of 5 colonials at the hands of Redcoats
*sparked the rebellion
*propaganda |
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Definition
| *though the American colonials weren't IN Britain, they still wanted to be a part of parliament |
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Definition
president is protected by sensitive info.
*used by Richard Nixon |
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Definition
*British general
* member of parliament
*fought against Spanish in War of Austria secession (King George's War)
*philanthropist
* founder of the colony of Georgia |
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Definition
*leader of Quakers.
* found Maryland and PENNslyvania |
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Definition
*British leader - tall and imposing
*"Great Commoner" -appealed to commoners
* concentrated on Quebec-Montreal
* "Organizer of Victory" |
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Definition
* "He who shall not work, shall not eat"
*saved Virginians from hunger, disease etc |
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Definition
*A preacher in the great awakening. *Better than Jonathon Edwards (made him weep)
*made Benjamin Franklin empty his pockets at the collection plate. *Imitators copied his sermons. |
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Definition
*In Massachusetts, Made a clean and complete break with church of England. *Denied that civil govt could and should govern religious behavior.
*Banished and went to Rhode Island. *people went to RI cuz they were unwanted everywhere else |
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Definition
*1628 obtained a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company from King Charles I
*19 annual terms as governor
*criticised for his obstinacy regarding the formation of a legislature in 1634
*clashed with other Puritan leaders like Thomas Dudley
*hated democracy and common people |
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Definition
| 1635 Led an energetic group of puritans west. |
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Definition
*He was a NY newspaper printer charged with seditious libel.
*wrote against the govt.
* Judge tried persuading the jury that the mere fact of publishing was a crime. *But Zenger won the case after Andrew Hamilton defended his case.
* America had freedom of press. |
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Term
| General Charles Cornwallis |
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Definition
*leading British generals in the Rev War
*1781 - surrendered at Saratoga
*civil and military governor in Ireland and India |
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Definition
| *American Loyalist during Rev War after serving as delegate to the First Continental Congress from Pennsylvania. |
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Definition
| PM who put Stamp Tax which was later repealed |
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Definition
*1st and largest signature in DOI (pres of Congress)
*Patriot charged with smuggling.
*pres of 2nd continental congress
*1st and 3rd governor of Commonwealth of Massachusetts |
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Definition
*philosopher(Enlightenment thinker) that said that people were born w/ natural rights, such as life, liberty and property
^^discussed in Constitution
*Father of Liberalism |
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Definition
*PM of Great Britain from 1770-1782
* led GB through most of Rev War
*repealed Townshend duties (tax tea remained) |
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Definition
*Founding Father
*Supreme Court Jusitce (under Washington)
*Jay's treaty
*XYZ Affair
*Federalist Papers
*Gov of NY 1795-1801
*antislavery
*Emancipation law |
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Term
| First Continental Congress |
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Definition
*convention of delegates in 1774 that met in PA early in the Am. Revolution
*met briefly to consider options, including boycott of British trade, publishing a list of grievances, and petitioning King George |
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Term
| Second Continental Congress |
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Definition
*the second convention of delegates in 1775 meeting in Philadelphia soon after the Revolutionary War began
*managed the colonial war effort
*adopted the US Dec. of Ind. in 1776 |
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Term
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Definition
| American colonists that remained loyal to the King and the British monarchy |
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Term
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Definition
*put forward in the First Continental Congress by Joseph Galloway
*suggested the creation of an American colonial parliament |
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Term
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Definition
*a petition adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775
*attempt by the colonies to avoid full-out war with Britain
*the petition of peace was rejected |
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Term
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Definition
*group of male American colonial patriots
*formed to protect the rights of the colonists
*best known for undertaking the Boston Tea Party |
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Term
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Definition
*series of laws passed by British Parliament in 1774
*in direct response to the Boston Tea Party |
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Term
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Definition
*adopted by all colonial gov'ts (Boston mainly)
*the idea to boycot all British goods |
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Term
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Definition
*An Intolerable Act (passed by British Parliament)
*stated the governing policies of the Province of Quebec |
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Term
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Definition
*a pamphlet written by patriot Thomas Paine
*illustrated the ideas of frustrated colonial Patriots towards King George |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
*a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
*announced the 13 states were independent from Britain
*written primarily by Thomas Jefferson |
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Term
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Definition
*Revolutionary War battle
*Dec. 26, 1776
*after GW's crossing of the Delaware River
*a sneak attack on the Hessians for they were still sleeping after Christmas the day before |
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Term
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Definition
*Rev. War Battle
*Jan. 3 1777
*GW and his troops defeated British forces near Princeton, NJ |
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Term
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Definition
*Rev. War Battle
*regarded as the 'turning point' of the war
*American victory |
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Term
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Definition
*last battle of the Revolutionary War
*1781
*Took place in Virginia
*General Cornwallis, British general, surrendered on Oct. 19 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1823- to 1902, Roosevelt Crreilory, closes of West Hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
created by Henry Clay Supports
1. strong central Bancking System- stable currency, credit
2. infrastructure- hughways, bridges, tunnels, canals, trade and transportation
3. Protective Tariff- prosperity of eastern markets |
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Term
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Definition
| idea of taking pride in your country |
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Term
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Definition
| signed on Christmas Eve 1814, essentially an armistice, Both Britain and USA agreed to stop fighting and to restore conquered territory |
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Term
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Definition
| 7th president of USA. In office from March 4, 1829 to Mrahc 4, 1837- Election of 1828 |
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Term
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Definition
| created American System, 8th, 10th and 13th Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Secretery of State 1825- 1829 |
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Term
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Definition
| restricted American ships from engaging in forign trade between the yrs of 1807 to 1812. Led to the War of 1812 betwwen US and Britain |
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Term
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Definition
South :) - Missouri is unrestricted slave state
North :) - Congress could forbid slavery in remaining territories |
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Term
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Definition
| Between US and Britain; severely limited naval armament on the Great lakes |
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Term
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Definition
| negotiated with Britain; permitted americans to share the coveted Newfoundland fisheries with Canade. Fixed northern limits on Louisian, provided for a 10 yr. joint occupation on the untamed Oregon Country without a surrender of teh rights or claims of either Britain or US. |
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Term
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Definition
1819- Darmouth Collede had been granted a charter by King George III in 1769, but the Democratic Legislature had seen fit to change it. John Marshall ruled that the original charter mist stand, whihc put the states firmly in their place.
Effect- safegaurded business enterprise from domination by states' governemnts |
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Term
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Definition
| 16 new federal judgeships |
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Term
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Definition
| 18031st time supreme court declared something unconstitional and establishe dconcept of judical reviewn in Us, and helped define checks and balances |
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Term
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Definition
| Thomas Jeffferson's vice presidental candidate, Killed Alexander Hamilton in famous 1804 duel |
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Term
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Definition
| Native Americans and one of the five founding nations of the iroquois conferecay |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of Christian demonination |
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Term
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Definition
| Hessian slave, leads slave rebellion |
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Term
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Definition
| members of the 12th congress of the US who advocated waging war against the Britain in the War of 1812 |
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Term
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Definition
| politicianand political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. He was a nationalist and proponent of protectice tariffs, then swithcehed to states' rights, limited government, nullification and free trade. Best known for intense and orginal defense of slavery as a positive good, for his promotion of the minority rights, and for pointing the south toward sucession from the union. |
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Term
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Definition
| took place on January 8, 1815, 1st major battle of tje war of 1812, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson. Defated Britian, who intented on seizing New Orleans and the vast terittory the US had acquired with the Louisian Purchase. |
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