Term
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Definition
| another name for antigen, present on surface of RBC's |
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Term
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Definition
| types of antigens possible |
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Definition
| possible genotypes based on antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| prevalence of blood type A in population |
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Term
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Definition
| prevalence of B blood type in population |
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Term
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Definition
| prevalence of AB blood type |
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Term
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Definition
| prevalence of O blood type |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for antibodies against the agglutinogens |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies produced against the antigens(agglutinogens) you do not have |
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Term
| A antigens, produce B agglutinins |
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Definition
| if you have blood type A, what type of antigen/agglutinogens and antibodies/agglutinins do you have? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| transmembrane proteins that transport CO2 and NH3 across the membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 (C or c + D or d + E or e) |
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Definition
| each person has one of each of the ___(#) pairs of antigens |
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Definition
most common and most antigenic, means Rh+,
85% whites, >95% blacks/asians |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ people develop anti-Rh agglutinins to Rh + factor |
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Term
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Definition
Rh- mother and Rh+ child (from dad)
condition usually presents more on 2nd or 3rd Rh+ child
mom's agglutinins diffuse through placenta and cause agglutination |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown product of Hemoglobin |
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Term
| hemolysis, anemia, jaundice |
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Definition
| clinical results of erythroblastosis fetalis |
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Term
| erythroblastosis foetalis |
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Definition
due to mismatched blood (Rh compatibility or A and B mix)
causes agglutination |
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Term
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Definition
| RBC clumping of donor blood (antigen/antibody response leads to immune response and possible circulatory shock b/c not enough blood flow) |
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Term
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Definition
| RBC destruction, causes Hb to be converted to bilirubin (can lead to anemia b/c not enough O2 transporters) |
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Term
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Definition
| results from blocked tubules due to too much Hb breakdown product |
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Term
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Definition
| results from blocked tubules due to too much Hb breakdown product |
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Definition
| buildup of this can precipitate in neuronal cells if left long enough causing mental problems |
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Term
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Definition
| blood is a ______ of blood cells and platelets |
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Definition
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Definition
| 55-60% of blood volume, whole blood - cells |
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Definition
| plasma without clotting factors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of plasma that is water |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of plasma that is proteins |
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Definition
| percent of plasma that is electrolytes |
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Term
| albumin, fibrinogen, globulins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
60% of plasma proteins (most abundant)
binds to fats, steroids, bile salts to make soluble
maintains osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements (women = 40%, men = 45% is normal H value) |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| converts CO2 + H2O to bicarb + H+ |
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Term
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Definition
| where RBC's produced in first trimester |
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Term
| liver, spleen, lymph node |
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Definition
| where RBC's produced in 2nd trimester |
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Term
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Definition
| where RBC's produced in 3rd trimester - age 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| where RBC's produced age 5-20 |
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Term
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Definition
| where RBC's produced from age 20 onward |
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Term
| Tibia, Femur, Rib, Sternum, Vertebra |
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Definition
| order bones stop producing RBC's (vertebrae, Rib, Sternum, Tibia, Femur) |
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Term
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Definition
| generation of all blood cells |
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Term
| cytokines, TPO (thrombopoeitin, IL(inter leukin), EPO (erythropoeitin |
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Definition
| what tells blood cells to differentiate (chemical) |
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Term
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Definition
| release toxins, fight viruses and parasites |
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Term
| eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| granulocyte important in allergic reactions, release histimine |
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Definition
| release lysosomal enzymes, H2O2(non-specific) digest foreign material or bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| phagocytosis-engulf foreign particles and present antigens on surface for other white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| do cell mediated immunity, cytotoxic and killer varieties |
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Term
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Definition
| make plasma cells which make antibodies |
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Definition
| fragments from megakaryocytes |
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Term
| no nucleus, has ER and golgi*to synth protein), can have mito, actin and myosin |
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Definition
| organelles platelets have |
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Term
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Definition
| release and attract clotting factors (lot of Ca stored in golgi), surface has glycoproteins |
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Term
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Definition
| release seratonin and thromboxin A-2 |
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Term
| nothing ->burst forming unit E, then EPO and IL-3 to make proerythroblasts |
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Definition
| From MEP to make a RBC you need to add |
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Term
| TPO -> colony forming unit-meg, then TPO + IL-3 |
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Definition
| From MEP to make a platelet you need to add ... to make a megakaryocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| CFU or BFU? proerythroblast |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus gone, remnants of organelles. Hb formed, pass into blood by diapedesis(squeeze through capillary pores) |
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Term
| nuc and Hb form, then mito and ribosomes are lost |
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Definition
| which is lost first nucleus or mito and ribosome? in a reticulocyte |
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Term
| low PO2 (hypoxia from elevation or pneumothorax) and erythropoietin (low O2 triggers erythropoietin pdxn in kidneys) |
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Definition
| things that raise RBC pdxn |
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Term
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Definition
4 subunits/chains, each with own heme group, each heme binds 1 O2 (4 total)favorable to load and unload oxygen
formation begins in proerythroblast stage and continues to reticulocyte stage |
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Term
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Definition
| conc. of Hb in men and women |
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Term
| men 20 ml/dL blood, women 19 mL/dL blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| required for thymidine triphosphate production (TPP), and maturation of RBC's |
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Term
| pernicious anemia/megaloblastic anemia |
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Definition
| caused by a failure to absorb B12 |
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Term
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Definition
| things in gut that help absorb B12, can lead to anemia if messed up |
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Term
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Definition
| absorbed through intestines, helps with Hb binding, some excreted, some lost with blood lost/menstruation, needed to replace RBCs |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| type of anemia due to hemorrhage -> shortage of blood cells. even through fluid(plasma) is replaced, it can take weeks to replace RBC's |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when bone marrow is destroyed due to radiation or lupus (immune response to bone marrow) |
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Term
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Definition
| due to b12 deficiency, or the inability to absorb b12. cannot make proper shaped RBC's (cells cannot divide fast enough and are too large) |
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Term
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Definition
| type of anemia due to erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh factor immune response) or sickle cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increased production of RBC's due to decrease in pO2, aka physiologic polycysthemia, due to heart failure, high altitude |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic cause for increased production of RBC's due to abnormal hemocytoblastic cells (don't stop producing RBC's) get bluish skin b/c Hb isn't saturated |
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Term
| anemia: decreased viscosity, increased blood flow, increased cardiac output to a point (decreased venous return) opposite for polycisthemia |
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Definition
| what happens to viscosity, blood flow, and cardiac output during anemia vs. polycisthemia |
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Term
| hematocrit, fibrinogen, temperature |
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Definition
| factors that affect whole blood viscosity |
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Term
| F= change in pressure ((pi * r^4(/(8 *viscosity * l)) |
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Definition
| equation for predicting blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| flow depends on ____ of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in viscosity causes a ____ in flow |
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Term
| 1) vasoconstriction/platelet aggregation/platelet plug -> blood clot -> fibrous tissue growth to seal hole -> clot retraction |
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Definition
| steps in hemostasis after a cut |
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Term
| platelet activation and aggregation |
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Definition
| damage to vessel-damage endothelium and collagen exposed (what step of coagulation/clotting?) |
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Term
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Definition
| what recognizes vascular damage and causes platelets to stick to damaged area? |
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Term
| seratonin, thromboxane A-2, clotting factors (fibrinogen and factor V) |
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Definition
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Term
| vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, initiate clotting |
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Definition
| platelet products cause what 3 things? |
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Term
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Definition
| damage inside the vessel (intrinsic) causes this clotting factor to contact the abnormal surface |
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Term
| blood trauma or contact with collagen |
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Definition
| intrinsic pathway is initiated by this |
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Term
| major damage to endothelial cells |
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Definition
| initiates extrinsic pathway |
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Term
| tissue factor (bound to fibroblasts and leukocytes) aka factor III |
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Definition
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Term
| factors 10, 5, Ca++, phospholipids |
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Definition
| what does the prothrombin activator complex consist of? |
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Term
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Definition
| causes proteolysis of fibrinogen to fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
| helps stabilize fibrin mesh via activation of factor XIII |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes activation of cofactors V and VIII (positive feedback during clotting) |
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Term
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Definition
| activates platelets via positive feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Stuart-Prower factor: activates factor II, forms prothrombinase complex with factor V |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma thromboplastin anticedent: activates factor IX |
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Term
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Definition
| Hageman factor: activates factor XI and prekallikrein |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrinogen: forms clot(fibrin) |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins responsible for clot retraction into plug |
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Term
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Definition
| what fibroblasts do to clot |
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Term
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Definition
| what CT can form in a clot |
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Term
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Definition
| what collagen does to a clot |
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Term
| tissue plasminogen activator |
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Definition
| to dissolve the clot, injured tissues slowly release what |
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Term
| tissue plasminogen activator |
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Definition
| converts plasminogen to plasmin |
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Term
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Definition
| the reason (-) feedback isn't necessary for thrombin. this protease digests fibrin and other cofactors |
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Term
| heparin, coumarin, Ca2+ chelators/deionizers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| endogenously produced by mast cells and basophil cells -> prevents blood clot |
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Term
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Definition
competes with vitamin K (used to make prothrombin), can't make clotting factors 7,9,10, K
used to prevent strokes |
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Term
| Ca2+ chelators/deionizers |
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Definition
| inhibit clotting cascade. prevent clotting by binding Ca+ and block intrinsic pathway |
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Term
| Ca++ chelators/deionizers |
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Definition
| silicon, sodium citrate, oxalate (examples of this) |
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Term
| liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia A and B |
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Definition
| causes of excess bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| hemophilia A, X chromosome mutation causing deficient factor _ |
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Term
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Definition
| hemophilia B,X chromosome mutation causing deficient factor _ , 1 in 10,000 males |
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Term
| liver makes prothrombin, fibrinogen, and clotting factors |
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Definition
| why liver disease causes clotting disorders |
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Term
| need vit K to make stuff, K comes from bac. in gut, need fat to absorb K |
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Definition
| why vit K deficiency causes clotting disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal blood clot from high sugar scaring arteries, fatty deposits, or plaques |
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