Term
| What test measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes by measuring the ratio of packed red blood cells to total blood volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal percentage of erythrocytes in blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of what cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant type of WBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What WBC is the first to respond to infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do they destroy bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBCs are the ones that primarily destroy the dissolved toxins that bacteria secrete into body fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What WBC secretes histamines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when it leaves the circulation to enter the tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBC fights allergies and parasitic infections, and during these conditions, their numbers increase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are MONOCYTES called when they leave the circulation and enter the tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which WBCs phagocytize bacteria? |
|
Definition
| Monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphocytes (specifically, the T-lymphoctyes, also called T-cells) |
|
|
Term
| What WBC acts against a specific foreign molecule |
|
Definition
| All lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells) act against a specific foreign molecule. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main classes of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| T cells (T-lymphocytes) and B cells (B lymphocytes) |
|
|
Term
| Which WBC attacks organs after an organ transplant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells fight infection by becoming cells that produce antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the actual cells that produce the antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main features of mononucleosis? |
|
Definition
Inflammation of lymph vessels (lymphangitis)
Infection of B lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus |
|
|
Term
| Which immune system cell type is preferentially destroyed by the AIDS virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By secreting hormones, the thymus causes which cells to become active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are most people sick more often as children than as adults in their 20s through 30’s? |
|
Definition
| We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity from more and more antigens during adulthood |
|
|
Term
| What is a plasma protein involved in blood clotting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are platelets responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the blood cells in order of longevity (life span), from longest—lived to shortest—lived. |
|
Definition
| lymphocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| What is a condition in which the blood’s capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood disease is a form of anemia where the RBCs have abnormal hemoglobin that deforms the cells into strange shapes (target cells, spheres, but not sickled) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of anemia is found especially in the African race; always characterized by sickle-shaped erythrocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of anemia is from a single amino acid mutation resulting in a valine amino acid substituted for glutamic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of anemia is characterized by very large erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia is from loss of intrinsic factor; a frequent result of gastric bypass surgery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia can occur due to a blood transfusion of mismatched blood? |
|
Definition
| Acquired Hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia is it when a person cannot maintain iron in a reduced state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of anemia is from chronic blood loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disorder of blood is characterized by too few mature white blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition are too few platelets (abnormally low concentration)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a hereditary disease of males, where they are unable to clot properly because they are missing some clotting factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood type is the universal acceptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disorder happens to an RH positive baby of an Rh negative mother? |
|
Definition
| HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn) |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is when the body is naturally exposed to an infectious agent and launches an immune reaction? |
|
Definition
| Naturally acquired active immunity |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is when a person receives a vaccination? |
|
Definition
| Artificially acquired active immunity |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is when a baby receives antibodies through mother’s milk? |
|
Definition
| Naturally acquired passive |
|
|
Term
| What type of immunity is when a person receives an infusion of antibodies? |
|
Definition
| Artificially acquired passive immunity |
|
|
Term
| What types of allergies are immediate and deadly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of allergic response is when the body’s first exposure to the substance will not cause a reaction, but all exposures afterward will trigger the response, such as with poison ivy? |
|
Definition
| Delayed allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is a hereditary problem where the body thinks its own tissues are foreign bodies, and it constantly tries to kill off its own tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause hypoxia (decreased oxygen to the tissues) |
|
Definition
A) Ischemia (reduced blood flow to a tissue)
B) Malfunctioning hemoglobin
C) Increasing altitude |
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for arsenic poison (found in rat poison) |
|
Definition
| I.v. injection of vitamin K |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of baby aspirin on prostaglandin synthesis? |
|
Definition
| It blocks the ability of COX to cleave arachidonic acid into prostaglandin (decreases PG synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| What does a decrease in PG synthesis do to clotting times? |
|
Definition
| Increases them so it takes longer to form blood clots |
|
|
