Term
| what is the difference between serum proteins and plasma proteins? |
|
Definition
| serum proteins lack fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal lab value of fibrinogen? |
|
Definition
| 1.5-4.0g/dL or 150-400mg/dL |
|
|
Term
| list some factors that can increase the risk of clotting. |
|
Definition
| obesity, venoustasis, hip/pelvic surgery, immobility, age |
|
|
Term
when are clotting factors the highest?
a.m. or p.m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep vein thrombosis (venous/red clot) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myocardial infarction (arterial clot or white clot) |
|
|
Term
| what triggers plaque rupture that leads to MI? |
|
Definition
| inflammation; platelets are stickiest in the a.m. due to highest blood sugar; platelet plug forms, triggers clotting (about 2 hours to form); MI occurs. |
|
|
Term
| name at least one drug that inhibits clotting factors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fraction of total serum proteins are made up of albumin? globulin? |
|
Definition
| albumin makes up 2/3 the total serum proteins; globulins 1/3 |
|
|
Term
| measuring a ______ _______ can be used to determine the nutritional status and/or the prognosis in liver? disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name one function of albumin. |
|
Definition
| holds water in the vascular space, binds drug (protein-bound vs. "free" drug) |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal pH value of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of obtaining an H/H test (hemoglobin/hemotocrit)? |
|
Definition
| to determine the percent of blood cells in a sample |
|
|
Term
| what percent of the total blood volume is plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most abundant protein in plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is albumin manufactured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the 4 plasma proteins. |
|
Definition
| albumin, clotting factors, antibodies, complement |
|
|
Term
| why are complements in the blood important? |
|
Definition
| they are a group of enzymes that helps antibodies fight pathogens. |
|
|
Term
| name the substance made by certain WBC's involved in immunity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the 3 ways circulating blood serves the body. |
|
Definition
| transportation, regulation, protection |
|
|
Term
| in what ways does blood help regulate the body? |
|
Definition
| it helps maintain a steady pH level, regulates the amount of fluid in the tissues by maintaining osmotic pressure, transports generated heat in the muscles to other parts of the body which helps regulate the body's overall temperature |
|
|
Term
| what's another name for thrombocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the most abundant leukocyte. |
|
Definition
| neutrophils aka polymorphs. lymphocytes are the second most abundant. |
|
|
Term
| name the two leukocytes whose main function is phagocytosis. |
|
Definition
| neutrophils and monocytes |
|
|
Term
| lymphocytes are manufactured in the red bone marrow but where do they mature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is phagocytosis and how is it important? |
|
Definition
| phagocytosis is the engulfing of foreign matter and occurs in the blood when a pathogen is present. |
|
|
Term
| how many platelets are typically present in the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered normal when in comes to RBC? |
|
Definition
| 4.5-5.5 million cells/mcL of blood |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal range of WBC in the absence of infection? |
|
Definition
| 5,000-10,000 cells/mcL of blood |
|
|
Term
| if a patients platelet count were to drop below the normal range of 150,000 would you automatically assume there is a serious problem? |
|
Definition
| not necessarily, in some cases the platelet count can be lower than the normal without serious complications but in some cases, a transfusion may be necessary. |
|
|
Term
| name at least one situation in which a packed RBC transfusion would be required. |
|
Definition
| ex: severe blood loss from trauma |
|
|
Term
| why is it important to perform a type and cross test before administering a blood transfusion? |
|
Definition
| there are 4 types of blood: A, B, AB, and O. each contain antibodies and antigens which could cause a reaction, known as hemolyzing, and could lead to severe reaction. |
|
|
Term
| in what mL is whole blood packaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what mL is packed RBC or cells packaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what essential vitamin plays a significant role in clotting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of drugs dissolve/break down blood clots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which organ is effected by a pulmonary embolus (PM)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another way of saying that there is a deficit in platelet count? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the various types of coagulation tests available. |
|
Definition
-PT (aka Protime)
-PTT (partial Protime)
-INR
-bleeding times |
|
|
Term
| a patient is prescribed Coumadin. what kind of test would you perform to determine therapeutic effectiveness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient is receiving Heparin via IV therapy. what would be the appropriate test to determine the drugs therapeutic effectiveness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient is to receive Heparin via IM. would it be appropriate to administer a PTT test? |
|
Definition
| not necessarily. it is required when Heparin is administered IV |
|
|
Term
| when would it be appropriate to administer a PTT/PT/INR test? |
|
Definition
| if a patient was receiving Coumadin and Heparin at the same time |
|
|
Term
| What kind of complications arise with the suppression of bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| PENIAS- anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| proteins, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, copper, and vitamin C are all required to produce what type of blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the average life span of a RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this organ is often referred to as the "garbage bin". |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the normal ranges of hemoglobin for a woman? a man? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest leukocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a macrophage and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| a highly active, enlarged monocyte responsible for disposing of invaders and foreign materials |
|
|
Term
| which of the blood components contain active enzymes and mitochondria but do not contain nuclei or DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal PT range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the normal INR range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the ideal value when increasing or decreasing anticoagulants to be considered therapeutic? |
|
Definition
1.5-2x the normal value
ex: if a patient is on anticoagulant therapy and their PT is 1.2 seconds, ideally with medication it would need to be around 2.4 to be considered therapeutic |
|
|
Term
| describe the difference between hemorrhagic anemia and hemolytic anemia. |
|
Definition
hemorrhagic- acute, sudden or gradual, chronic caused by bleeding ulcers, excessive menstrual flow, and bleeding hemorrhoids (piles)
hemolytic- the blood cells are destroyed for various reasons including an overactive liver or an inherited disease such as sickle cell anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a neoplastic disease of blood-forming tissue.
in other words: too many WBC's but not healthy overrun the RBC's and platelets |
|
|
Term
| You have just cut your finger. What is the body's first physiological response? |
|
Definition
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