Term
| what are the components of blood? |
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Definition
| RBCs, WBCs, platelets, plasma, water, proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| the relative volume of packed red blood cells in a centrifuge tube of spun blood |
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Term
| what does a low hematocrit reflect? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percent of the volume in a spun centrifuge of blood will be white cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the name of the major plasma protein? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where is albumin synthesized and what is it responsible for? |
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Definition
| synthesized in the liver and responsible for colloid osmotic pressure |
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Term
| how large are erthrocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the shape of an erthrocyte maintained by and what does it maximize? |
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Definition
| the shape is maintained by interactions of integral and peripheral membrane proteins which maximize surface area |
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Term
| what is the main function of red blood cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| where are globulin and fibrinogen made? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most prevelant type of hemoglobin in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of blood cells |
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Term
| where does hemtopoiesis take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of stem cell gives rise to erythroid CFU? |
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Definition
| the multipotential myeloid stem cell (CMP) |
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Term
| what factor does the erythroid cell respond to to give rise to the first recognizable cell in the erythroid series? |
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Definition
| erythropoietin from the kidneys |
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Term
| describe the proerythroblast |
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Definition
| large cell 12-20 micrometers, large spherical nucleus, basophillic cytoplasm (blue), free ribosomes |
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Term
| when proerythroblasts divide, they give rise to what? |
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Definition
| basophillic erythroblasts |
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Term
| describe a basophillic erythroblast |
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Definition
| have intensely basophillic cytoplasm because they have many free ribosomes which are involved in hemoglobin synthesis; nuclei are smaller than proerythroblast nuclei and they become more heterochromatic with each division |
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Term
| when the developing red blood cell has a mixture of ribosomes and hemoglobin in the cytoplasm, what is the term for this cell? |
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Definition
| polychromatophillic erythroblasts |
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Term
| what is a pyknotic nucleus and where is it found in the developing blood cell cycle? |
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Definition
| pyknotic nucleus is small and dark and is an indication that the cell will go through cell death or kick the nucleus out; normally found in normoblasts (orthochomatophillic erythroblast) |
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Term
| When nucleus is kicked out of a normoblast, what cell is created? |
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Definition
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Term
| your reticulocyte count will be higher if you are? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have no nucleus, normally 1-2% of RBC's and need special stains to see remaining ribosomes |
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Term
| in which 3 cycles of hematopoiesis does mitosis occur? |
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Definition
| proerythroblasts, basophillic erythroblasts and polychromatophillic erythroblasts |
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Term
| what are the names of the 2 groups that white cells can belong to? |
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Definition
| granulocytes and agrunulocytes |
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Term
| what are the three types of granulocytes? |
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Definition
| basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of agrunulocytes? |
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Definition
| lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Term
| describe features of a primary granulocyte |
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Definition
| non specific, have azurophillic granules, arise early in granulopoiesis, have lysosomes |
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Term
| where are tertiary granules only described? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe features of a basophil |
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Definition
| stay in the circulation, have a lobed nucleus that is obscured by prominents basophillic granules, very few in normal blood, come from distinct progenitor cells, bind IgE in the circulation, release anticoagulant and vasoactive agents by degranulation |
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Term
| what do eosinophils play a role in? |
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Definition
| allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation |
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Term
| where are eosinophils found in large numbers? |
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Definition
| in the lamina propria of the intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| does not do anything but travel, most common white cell, have segmented nuclei (number of segments increases as they mature), and contains 3 types of granules: specific, azurophillic and tertiary |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of granules neutrophils contain? |
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Definition
| specific, azurophillic (non specific) and tertiary |
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Term
| if you see a barr body in a neutrophil what does it indicate? |
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Definition
| that the person is female |
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Term
| which granule is the most numerous in neutrophils? |
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Definition
| specific granules (secondary granules) |
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Term
| what is neutrophillia indicative of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| during what type of inflammation will you see neutrophils? (acute or chronic) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the 4 compartments of neutrophils? |
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Definition
| medullary formation, medullary storage, circulating, and marginating |
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Term
| describe the medullary formation compartment of neutrophils |
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Definition
| mitotic compartment and a maturation compartment |
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Term
| describe the role of the medullary storage compartment of neutrophils |
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Definition
| acts as a buffer and can release large numbers of neutrophils on demand |
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Term
| where is the circulating compartment of neutrophils suspended? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the marginating compartment of neutrophils located? |
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Definition
| sitting along the walls of the capillaries where blood flow reduced by vasoconstriction |
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Term
| what are immature forms of neutrophils called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| do glucocorticoids increase or decrease the production of neutrophils? |
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Definition
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Term
| intense physical exertion or increased serum epinephrine will have what effect on neutrophil concentration? |
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Definition
| will cause transient neutrophilia by movement of neutrophils from the marginating to the circulating compartment |
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Term
| what is the first granulocyte precursor? |
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Definition
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Term
| which cell in granulopoiesis is the only cell to produce azurophillic granules? |
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Definition
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Term
| which cells are first recognizable as basophil, eosinophil or neutrophils by their granules? |
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Definition
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Term
| increased numbers of band or stab cells is called what and what does it indicate? |
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Definition
| called a shift to the left and indicates a bacterial infection |
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Term
| what two granulocytes have bilobed nuclei? |
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Definition
| basophils and eosinophils |
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Term
| what color are eosinophils typically? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| largest leukocyte in a smear, circulate in the blood for about 3 days, migrate to various tissues and organs where they differentiate into phagocytes which make up mononuclear phagocytic system |
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Term
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Definition
| generally the size of an RBC in a smear, main effector cells of the immune system, and most are immunocompetent cells |
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Term
| what are the three basic types of lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| T cells, B cells and Natural killer cells |
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Term
| what are T cells involved in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| In a smear, what 2 cells cannot be distinguished? |
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Definition
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Term
| which lymphocytes are most abundant in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| monocytes differentiate in tissues into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are thrombocytes (platelets) essential for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a condition with a reduced number of platelets called? |
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Definition
| thrombocytopenia; patients bruise easily |
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Term
| where are platelets derived from? |
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Definition
| bone marrow from the megakaryocytes |
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Term
| describe platelet formation |
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Definition
| platelets break off from megakaryocytes along demarcation channels and then megakaryocyte processes pierce the endothelium of sinusoids and platelets enter the sinusoids |
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Term
| what are the 4 zones of platelets? |
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Definition
| peripheral zone, structural zone, organelle zone, and membrane zone |
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Term
| what does the peripheral zone of the platelet function as? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the structural zone of the platelet located? |
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Definition
| cytoskeletal element, microtubules, actin and myosin |
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Term
| what does the organelle zone of a platelet contain? |
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Definition
| granules involved in platelet function |
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Term
| what is the membrane zone of the platelet? |
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Definition
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