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| reaction against enlightenment; all about feelings |
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| “storm and stress” German literature, poetry, movement against French rationalism |
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| French writer, society corrupts human nature |
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| German, sensory experience, moral sense proves the existence of God, not just rational |
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| Kant's idea, basically the golden rule |
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| Coleridge, Wordsworth, Byron |
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| German writer, novels, wrote against the prejudice against women |
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| looking back to the middle ages |
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| John Wesley founded it, reaction against deism, some emotion in religion |
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| the Wesley brothers: John and Charles |
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| English; preacher, song writer |
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| Chateaubriand: The Genius of Christianity |
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| French, religion is passion |
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| Schleirmacher: Speeches on Religion to Its Cultured Despisers |
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| German, Intuition and feeling, not dogma of the Catholic church |
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| German, philosopher of history- all periods of history are just as important; thesis, antithesis, new thesis |
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| The Thousand and One Nights |
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| Middle Eastern romantic literature |
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| German writer, novels, Faust |
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nationalism- people of the same language and culture should determine their own government
liberalism- constitutional government, freedom of press, de-concentrate the authority |
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| conservatism- preserve the monarchy, centralized gov’t |
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| Burke- British statesman, support of monarchy, predicted French revolution |
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| Hegel-German, philosophy of history, all periods of history are equally valuable, thesis, antithesis, synthesis |
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| Metternich- epitome of conservatism, Austrian, Congress of Vienna, issued Carlsbad Decrees |
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| Fredrick William III- Prussian, conservative, anti-reform, |
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| Burshcenshaften- German, student association, liberal, killed a conservative |
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| Carlsbad Decrees- dissolved burshenshaften |
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| Corn Law- British, high price for grain |
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| Peterloo Massacre- Britian, crowd of reformers, militia came in and people were injured |
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| Six Acts- conservative, suppress unrest from the liberals |
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| Luis XVIII- French, conservative, constitutional monarchy |
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| The Charter- French, recognize the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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| Concert of Europe/Congress System- European powers maintaining balance of power |
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| Alexander I- Russian, apply the Congress to all nations instead of just France |
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| Ferdinand VII- Spain, king during Spanish rev. of 1820, conservative, gets rid of parliament, Canning supports the Spanish Revolution |
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| Protocol of Troppau- what to do when revolt happens, stable governments have the right to interfere with countries that are revolting |
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| Canning- British, helped the Spainish people revolt for trade purposes, break up their monopoly of trading with South America |
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| Greek Revolution of 1821- successful, independent Greek state |
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| the Eastern Question- Ottoman Empire weakening, how it should be divided |
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| Serbia- gained independence from the Ottoman Empire |
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| Haiti- suceded from France |
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| L’Ouverture- Haitian, , started the slave rebelion |
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| Dessalines- Haitian military leader |
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| creole- people of Spanish descent living in South America |
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| San Martin- liberated Peru |
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| O’Higgins- liberated Chile |
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| Bolivar- liberated Venezuela |
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| Iturbide- liberated Mexico |
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| Dom Pedro- liberated Brazil |
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| Nicholas I- Russian, some of the army refused to swear allegience to him |
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| Decembrist Revolt- army people revolting, Nic executed some and exiled others to Siberia |
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| Official Nationality: “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationalism” Russian |
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| Charles X- French, conservatist, ultra royalist, issued July ordincances |
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| Four Ordinances [July Ordinances] –French, controlling the press, overthrows Charles |
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| Louis Philippe-French, put in place after the Parisian revolution (1830) |
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| Belgian independence- suceded from Netherlands |
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| Great Reform Bill, 1832- Britian- compromise between liberals and conservatism |
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| Catholic Emancipation Act- giving Catholics and other religions the ability to serve in Parliament |
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| “rotten boroughs”-Britian, district with not enough voters in it |
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| Irish famine: The Great Hunger- worst natural disaster of the 19th century, Ireland, potato failure, half of its population starved |
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| proletarianization- shift from skilled labor of the artisans to paid labor of the factory workers, labor becomes a commodity |
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| Chartism- political reform, wanted people without land to be able to work in parliament didn’t succeed in England, |
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| English Factory Act of 1833- child labor laws |
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| police and prison reform- changed the goal of prison, created police forces |
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| Malthus- economist, wanted population control b/c food sources would not be enough |
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| Ricardo, principles of political economy- “iron law of wages” |
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| Zollverein- German, free trading unions |
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| Bentham- British, father of utilitarianism |
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| utilitarianism- greatest happiness for greatest number of people |
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| Anti-Corn Law League- British, against the corn law, manufacturers, wanted to lower food prices so they could lower wages for their employees |
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| repeal of Corn Law- British, |
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| utopian socialism- ideal community |
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| Saint-Simon- French, socialist, private wealth should be managed by experts |
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| Owen- British, socialist, built a community to change people’s charaters |
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| Fourier- French, communities for liberated living, societal rules ignore human pleasure |
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Blanqui- anarchist, terrorism
Proudhon- anarchist, mutual cooperation is required in society, so therefore government is not needed
Marxism- claims to be more scientifically accurate than socialism, no one owns property, no authority, everyone on the same level, communist
Marx and Engels-
communist manifesto, capital- theory behind
1848—Year of the Revolutions- similar conditions in many countries sparked revolutions. Most of them failed because of the strength of the conservatives
June Days- French, not really sure what to put here… political predominance of conservative property holders, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected
Second Republic- idk, I just emailed my teacher to find out what these are, the book is kinda confusing
Napoleon III- Louis Napoleon, elected to be leader of Second Republic, cared more about his own fame than the people, declared himself emperor
Kossuth-Magyar nationalist (Hungarian), wanting independence for Hungary, caused disturbances and made Metternich flee the country, called Vienna uprising
Magyars, Czechs- Hungarian and Slavic people, tried revolts and were both defeated in the end
Mazzini and Garibaldi- Italian nationalists, wanted freedom from Austria,
Roman Republic- forced the pope to lead their uprising, created a republic, but France came and helped and squashed it
Frederick William IV- king of Prussia, revolts were happening in Berlin, announced limited reforms to try to appease the people, more riots, king gave in and created a constituent assembly, later the king ignored it and switched back to conservatism
Frankfurt Parliament- German Confederation, too liberal, caused a split between the liberals and the working class. Austria didn’t want anything to do with it, so they offered leadership to Fred. Will of Prussia but he refused it and the Parliament dissolved |
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| Blanqui- anarchist, terrorism |
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| Proudhon- anarchist, mutual cooperation is required in society, so therefore government is not needed |
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| Marxism- claims to be more scientifically accurate than socialism, no one owns property, no authority, everyone on the same level, communist |
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| communist manifesto, capital- theory behind |
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| 1848—Year of the Revolutions- similar conditions in many countries sparked revolutions. Most of them failed because of the strength of the conservatives |
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| June Days- French, not really sure what to put here… political predominance of conservative property holders, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte elected |
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| Second Republic- new government for the French, elected Napoleon III. |
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| Napoleon III- Louis Napoleon, elected to be leader of Second Republic, cared more about his own fame than the people, declared himself emperor |
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| Kossuth-Magyar nationalist (Hungarian), wanting independence for Hungary, caused disturbances and made Metternich flee the country, called Vienna uprising |
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| Magyars, Czechs- Hungarian and Slavic people, tried revolts and were both defeated in the end |
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| Mazzini and Garibaldi- Italian nationalists, wanted freedom from Austria, |
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| Roman Republic- forced the pope to lead their uprising, created a republic, but France came and helped and squashed it |
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| Frederick William IV- king of Prussia, revolts were happening in Berlin, announced limited reforms to try to appease the people, more riots, king gave in and created a constituent assembly, later the king ignored it and switched back to conservatism |
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| Frankfurt Parliament- German Confederation, too liberal, caused a split between the liberals and the working class. Austria didn’t want anything to do with it, so they offered leadership to Fred. Will of Prussia but he refused it and the Parliament dissolved |
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