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is a system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them. |
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In a computer network, connected computers:
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Work together
Are interdependent
Exchange data with each other
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| converts digital signals to analog to transmit over telephone lines and vice versa |
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| Dial-up modems offer speeds : |
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| What use lines for cable TV and share bandwidth across many households? |
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| modems always maintain a connection |
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| controls the flow or transmissions in and out of a network. |
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| is anything you connect to your computer: printer, mouse, keyboard, mouse, hard drive, etc. |
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| network adapter (or network interface card - NIC) |
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provides a unique address to a device.
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| Computer networks are built so that |
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| every device on the computer network can communicate with each other. |
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| personal area network (PAN) |
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| connects two or more devices close to one person. |
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| connects two or more devices within a home. |
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| connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region. |
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| metropolitan area network (MAN) |
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| connects two or more devices within the same city. |
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connects two or more LANs.
Backbone Network (BBN)
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or enterprise network is a high-speed central network to which multiple smaller networks (LANs) connect.
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| Cable technologies include: |
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Twisted pair is strands of copper wire twisted in pairs
Coaxial cable is insulated copper wire that is less susceptible to interference
Fiber is made of glass has the highest speeds but it is difficult to work with
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Broadcast technologies include:
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Microwave: must see each other to transmit
Satellite: GPS, satellite radio, TV signals
Radio: cellular, Bluetooth, others
Infrared: wireless mice
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| broadband isn’t available |
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| DSL is broadband access via |
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| accesses the internet over TV coaxial cable. Degrades performance when neighbors access the Internet at the same time |
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| What provides access where cable and DSL are not available |
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| provides convenient access to broadband wirelessly |
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| Fiber to the Home is expensive and found in |
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| Data transfer rate, or bandwidth |
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| is the maximum speed at which data can be transmitted between two nodes on a network. |
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| __________ is the actual speed of data transfer that is achieved. Throughput is always less than or equal to the data transfer rate. |
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usually measured in megabits per second (Mbps). A megabit is 1 million bits.
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| Data transfer rate and throughput are |
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| a high-speed, digital data transmission technology using existing analog telephone lines. |
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| Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
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| data transmission technology that uses packet switching and allows for almost unlimited bandwidth on demand |
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| Synchronous Optical Network: |
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| an interface standard for transporting digital signals over fiber optic lines that allows users to integrate transmissions from multiple vendors. |
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digital transmission system that defines circuits that operate at different rates, all of which are multiples of the basic 64 Kbps.
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| Transmission Technologies |
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Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
Synchronous optical network (SONET)
T-carrier system
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| is the set of rules and procedures governing transmission across a network. |
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| is a common LAN protocol. |
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| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) |
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| is a file transfer protocol that can send large files of information across sometimes unreliable networks with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted |
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| is when the technology breaks up blocks of data into packets. |
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| enables programs to access other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data |
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| provides communication and packet services to the application layer (TCP) |
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| addresses, routes, and packages data packets |
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places packets on the network medium
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| divides processing work among two or more computers. |
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Client/server network processing
Peer-to-peer network processing
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| There are two types of network processing: |
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| can work independent of the network. |
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| is completely reliant on the network functioning. |
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is the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network.
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| is the computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make specific requests. |
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types of peer-to-peer networks:
first type |
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| of P2P processing accesses unused CPU power among networked computers. |
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types of peer-to-peer networks:
second type |
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| of P2P is real-time, person-to-person collaboration. |
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types of peer-to-peer networks:
third type |
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of P2P is open-source, free, peer-to-peer file-sharing.
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| support discovery, communication, and collaboration only within the organization |
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| connect parts of intranets to different organizations |
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| Uniform resource locator(URL) |
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| is the set of letters that points to the address of a specific resource on the Web |
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| Set of rules for communication |
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| Hypertext transfer protocol |
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| Application transfer protocol that allows Web browsers and Web servers to communicate with each other |
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| File transfer protocol (FTP): |
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| Application transfer protocol that is used to copy files from one computer to another |
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| Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP): |
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exchange mail with other email servers
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| Internet Protocol (IP) address |
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| Every device connected to the Internet has an identifying address called the |
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| domain name service (DNS) |
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) is hierarchical system of nameservers that maps host-domain name combinations to IP addresses
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| develops and deploys advanced network applications such as remote medical diagnosis, digital libraries, distance education, online simulation, and virtual laboratories. It is designed to be fast, always on, everywhere, natural, intelligent, easy, and trusted. Not separate from the Internet physical network.” |
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| is the transport mechanism |
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is an application that uses those transport functions
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| is a system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture. |
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a text and graphical screen display that usually welcomes the user and explains the organization that has established the page.
Each page is a document that is transported using one of the internet protocol discussed previously
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is software installed on your computer system that allows you to locate, view, and navigate the Web.
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| allows users to browse and search data sources, in all topic areas, on the Web. |
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are computer programs that search for specific information by key words and report the results.
Google, Yahoo!, and Bing handle over 90 percent of all searches in the United States.
Baidu is the largest search engine in China. |
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search several engines at once and integrate the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by users.
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| is the largest-volume application running on the Internet. |
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| Web-based call centers (customer call center) |
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| are services that provide effective personalize customer contact as an imporant part of Web-based customer support. |
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| is a virtual meeting place where groups of regulars come to “gab”. |
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| Internet telephony (VoIP) |
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digitizes your analog voice signals, sections them into packets, and sends them over the Internet.
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| refers to efforts of two or more entities who work together to accomplish certain tasks. |
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| is when group members are in different locations. |
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| is the use of digital technologies that enable organizations or individuals to collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage and research products, services and innovative applications. |
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| is the use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to hold a simultaneous conference. |
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| is when participants in one location can see participants at other locations and share data, voice, pictures, graphics and animation by electronic means. |
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| is videoconferencing conducted over the Internet. |
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| Real-time collaboration tools |
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support synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information i.e. computer-based whiteboards. E.g. Tutor.com
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is the ability to work anywhere at anytime
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