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| tell me about biomechanics |
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Definition
| is the application of classical mechanics on biological systems. Various aspects of biomechanics utilize different parts of applied mechanics such as the principles of statics and dynamics |
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Definition
| applied to analyze the magnitude and nature of forces involved in the musculoskeletal system at rest. |
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Definition
| utilized for motion analysis, gait analysis, and have multiple applications in the science of sports and performance enhancement |
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| WHat is solids mechanics? |
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Definition
| provides the necessary tools for analysis of biological systems subjected to varying loading conditions |
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Definition
| has been used to investigate blood flow, air flow, and joint lubrication |
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Term
| What is machanical fource? |
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Definition
| forces that are imposed on a system by direct physical contact. Most of the forces that we deal with in orthopaedics are types of mechanica forces. |
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Term
| What are electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic forces? |
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Definition
| the magnitude of these forces is relatively minuscule as compared to mechanical forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| the concept of reaction forces represent the resistance of the ody or a structure to the acceleration or deformation that applied force could potentially cause. Two types of reaction forces are commonly discussed in biomechanics, ground reaction forces and joint reaction forces |
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Definition
| has a magnitude only. Mass, energy and temperature are the examples. |
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Definition
| is a quantity having both magnitude and direction |
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Definition
| associated with rotational and twisting action of applied forces |
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Definition
related to the bending action.
Such as of aperson standing on the edge of adiving board. However, the mathematical definition of moment and torque is the same. For the purpose of this course these terms are interchangeable and synonymous |
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Term
| What is the resolution of muscle forces? |
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Definition
when forces are neither parallel to each other nor perpendicular to the lever arm. Resolution of a force into two component forces is used to:
Visualize the effect of such angular forces on the body
Determine the torque produced by the forces
Calculate the magnitude of unknow muscle and joint forces |
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Term
| What is the resolution of muscle forces? |
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Definition
is the division of the vector into two or more component vectors whose combiined magnitudes and directions produce the same effect as the original force.
Two rectangylar comoponents care drawn from the point of the original force so that two right triangles are formed, with the original force as the common hypotenuse. The rectangular (right angle) components are formed by drawing a line of action perpendicular to the X and the Y axis of the coordinate system |
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Term
| What is tangential muscle forces joint kinetics? |
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Definition
| to the direction of the joint motion |
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Term
| What is radial muscle force joint kinetics? |
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Definition
| to the direction of the joint motion |
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Term
| What is the function of radial component of the muscle force ? |
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Definition
| it will serve to stabilize the joint when directed toward the center of rotation, and to destabilize the joint when directed away from the center of rotation |
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Term
| What is the true about muscle forces? |
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Definition
| as joint move through their range of motion the tangential and radial components of the muscle force changes. This is particularly trie of the muscles on the flexion side of extremity joints with large ranges of motion, such as the elbow knee or ankle. |
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Term
| What do you know about joint kinetics/ |
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Definition
As joints move through their range of motion the tangential and radial components of the muscle force change.
It is important to note that the tangetial component of the acting muscle force will cause shearing at the joint |
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Term
| What do you know about pulleys? |
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Definition
| are used in the body to change line of pull and to add mechanical advantage to a musculotendinous unit, usually by using bony prominences or strong ligamentous strutures. |
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Definition
| they applied force is equal in each strand |
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Definition
| May change direction and magnitude of the force |
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Term
| What is pulleyed used for? |
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Definition
to boost mechanical advantage by increasing the moment arm.
A good example for that are the sesamoid bones the largest of them is the patella
used to preserve functional esthetics, such as in the case o the toe extensors held by the extensor retinaculum |
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Term
| What is central axis lever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is central weight leve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is central force lever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you know about type of lever? |
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Definition
| the designation of the lever class is based upon the relative position of the forces acting on the lever to the fulcrum |
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Term
| What is the motive force of the lever? |
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Definition
| is designated as the force that would move the lever in the desired direction |
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Term
| What is the resistance force of the lever? |
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Definition
| is the force in the opposite direction |
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Term
| What is the first class of lever example? |
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Definition
motive and resistance forces on opposite sides of the fulcrum.
An example of a first class lever would be seesaw. applications of class I lever include: triceps acting on elbow, soleus acting on ankle, erector spinae acting on spine and abdominal weight. |
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Term
| what is second class lever? |
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Definition
the motive and resistance forces on the same side of the fulcrum.
The motive force always has the longer moment arm ( the mechanical advantage).
Examples include: A wheelbarrow, toe raises with axis at the MTPJs, Brachioradialis or wrist extensors maintaining elbow flexion |
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Term
| What is third class levers? |
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Definition
the motive and resistance forces on the same side of the fulcrum.
The resistance force always has the mechanical advantage.
This is the most common type of lever in the human: quads acting at knee, as well as most other open kinetic chain activities. |
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Term
| What is mechanical advantage? |
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Definition
the force with the longer moment arm is said to have the mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage may also be gained with proper use of fixe or movable pulley systems. |
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Term
| What are applications of forces to the body? |
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Definition
when forces are applied to tissues of the body there is a predictale mechanical response know as " loading".
There are five types of loads the body may be exposed to |
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Term
| What is the compression loading? |
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Definition
occurs due to the effects of gravity and as a result of muscle contractions
Bone tissue is most exposed to compression loads and is by far the best designed to tolerate and conteract compression loading |
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Term
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Definition
tensile loads are common and occur most often within the musculotendinous units.
Tensile loads may also occur in ligaments and bones and can be extremely high |
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Definition
The tensile loads may be beneficial such as in providing structural support to elements of the body such as the ITB in unilateral stance.
However, tensile loading may also be injurious such as in the caase of plantar fascitis or achilles tendon enthesopathy,
Plantar fascitis happens te be the second most common reason for podiatry visits right after ingrown toenails. |
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