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Definition
| A very toxic substance as which amino groups are released into the blood to the liver, where it is converted to urea, which is less toxic. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the hormones produced by the kidneys. This hormone causes arterioles to constrict, elvating blood pressure.It also reduces the rate of blood filtration, causing less water to be removed from the blood. |
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Term
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| The amount of this hormone, which is produced in the hypthalamus and is released by the posterior pituitary gland,increases the permeability of hte distal tubule and collecting duct to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood. |
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Definition
| This hollow, muscular chamber which collects and stores the urine, is capable of considerable expansion. Urine is retained in the chamber by two sphincter muscles. Upon being distended, receptors signal its condition and trigger contractions. |
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Definition
| A cuplike sturcutre surrounding the gomerulus, |
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Definition
| Ducts within the medulla of the kidney which collect fluid from many nephrons and conduct it intot he renal pelvis. |
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Definition
| A hormone released by the kidneys which travels in the blood and stimulates the marrow to produce more red blood cells, thereby carrying more oxygen. |
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Definition
| A gerneral term referring to the elimination of substences from the body. |
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Definition
| An opening in the body wall through which nephridia excrete urine. |
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Definition
| The fluid resulting from the filtration process. |
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Definition
| The process by which the difference in diameter between a large and small arteriole creates Pressure that drives water carruomg dissolved substances through pourous capillary walls. |
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Definition
| Single-celled bulbs which derive their name from the tuft of beating cillia that extends into the hollow bulb. Water and dissolved substances are filtered into the bulbs, where a current conducts the fluid through the tubular network. |
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Definition
| A dense of knot of capillaries where fluid from the blood is filtered into Bowman's capsule. |
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Definition
| The filtration of blood according to the principle of dialysis. |
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Definition
| Organs in which the fluid portion ofthe blood is collected. |
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Definition
| Simple kidney-like structures present in earthworms, mollusks, and several other invertebrates. |
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Definition
| Tiny individual filters on the outer layer of the kidney. |
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Definition
| A funnel-shaped opening which conducts coelomic fluid in the earthworm. |
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Definition
| The first specialized excretory sturctures to arise dring the course of animal evoultion. It regulates water balance, in the flatworm. |
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Definition
| The artery which carries blood to each kidney. |
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Definition
| The overlying part of the solid outer layer of a kidney where urine is created. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inner part of the solid outer layer of a kidney were urine is created. |
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Definition
| A subdivided inner chamber of the Kidney that collects urine and funnels into the ureter. |
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Definition
| The vein through which filtered blood exits each kidney. |
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Definition
| An enzyme produced upon hte fall of blood pressure by the kdineys which catalyzes the formation of a second hormone, angiotensin. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which tubule cells use active transport to pump nutrients from the filtrate, nutrients diffuse into the entwining cpaillaries, and water is reabsorbed back into the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which wastes and excess substances still in the blood are acribely secreted from the extracellular fluid into the distal tubule by tubule cells, and the wastes become part of the filtrate and hte urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long twisting little tube which recieves fluid from Bowman's capsule. |
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Definition
| A product of amino acid metabolism, this is a far less toxic substance than the ammonia from which it comes. |
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Definition
| A narrow, muscular tube through which urine leaves each kidney. |
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Definition
| A single narrow tube through which urine exits the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substnace in which birds and reptiles extrete by-products of protein digestion, so as to avoid water loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| The system which helps maintain the chemical composition of hte blood and extracellular fluid within the narrow bounds requited for cellular metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fluid consisiting of water, dissolbed wastes, and some excess nutrients. |
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