Term
| Organic Compounds, what are they? How are all similar |
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Definition
| all have a similar 'skeleton' made up of at least carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Term
| what is common about the structure of organic compounds |
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Definition
| made up or carbon chains. subunits called monomers combine to form polymers/macromolecules |
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Term
| what are the four types of organic compounds? |
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Definition
| lipids, protiens, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids |
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Term
~*CARBOHYDRATES*~
what are the elements in carbs? |
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Definition
| ratio of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen for every 1 carbon atom |
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Term
| what are the subunits of carbs? |
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Definition
| smallest is monosaccharide, which combine to form disaccharide, which combine to form polysaccharide. |
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Term
| name 3 monosaccharides of carbs |
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Definition
| glucose, fructose, and galactose. C6H12O6 |
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Term
| name three disaccharides of carbs and their compositions |
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Definition
1.) Sucrose (table sugar)- glucose and fructose* 2.) Lactose (milk sugar)- glucose and galactose* 3.) Maltose (grain sugar)- glucose and glucose*
C12H22O11 |
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Term
| name four polysaccharides of carbohydrates and their function |
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Definition
| 1.) starch- food storage for glucose in plants* 2.) glycogen- food storage for glucose in animals (higher form of starch)* 3.) cellulose- forms cell walls of plants, structural suppose* 4.) chitin- component of exoskeleton of anthropods |
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Term
| what is the ratio of elements in a barbohydrate |
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Definition
| 2 hydrogen and one oxygen for every one carbon atom |
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Term
| ~*LIPIDS*~ what is the subnit of lipids |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the concentration of elements in lipids? |
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Definition
| carbon, hydrogen, barely any oxygen |
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Term
| what do the terms 'saturated' and 'unsaturated' fats mean? |
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Definition
| the concentraion of hydrogen in them. saturated fats have single carbon bonds, solid at room temp. unsaturated fats have double carbon bonds and are liquid at room temperature |
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Term
| how many calories are in one gram of fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| name two functions of lipids |
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Definition
| long-term energy storage * inculation and protective coatings for cells |
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Term
| why are lipids insoluable in water? |
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Definition
| they are non-polar molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| lipids made up of 3 fatty acid chains |
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Term
| ~*PROTEINS*~ what are protiens made of? |
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Definition
| CHONS- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
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Term
| the key phrase to remember about proteins is... |
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Definition
| structure and function- they're the building blocks of the structure of organism components. |
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Term
| what are the subunits of proteins? name some characteristics |
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Definition
| amino acids- each contain a central carbon atom * 20 of them * form peptide bonds * covalently bonded to each other to form a polypeptide * consist of carboxyl groups |
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Term
| what does the word globular refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| name four examples of proteins and their functions |
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Definition
| 1.) hemoglobin- regulates oxygen in red blood cells* 2.) collogen- goes in skin* 3.) actin and myosin- help contract muscle* 4.) enzymes- speed up chemical reactions, help digest food and store and release energy |
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Term
| what can cause a protein to be unfunctional? |
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Definition
| bieng denatured by extreme heat, acidity, etc. |
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Term
| ~*NUCLEIC ACIDS*~ what are nucleic acids composed of |
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Definition
| CHONP- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus |
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Term
| what is the subunit of a nucleic acid? |
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Definition
| nucleotide- which consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base |
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Term
| what are the two examples of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| makes up genes and hereditary material. instructions for protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in protein synthesis, when the body makes proteins |
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Term
| the cell's activities are controlled by _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ~*GENERAL*~ what is an isomer? |
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Definition
| same molecular formula, but different structure |
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Term
| what is a condensation reaction? AKA dehydration synthesis |
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Definition
| occurs when monosaccharides COME TOGETHER and lose a molecule of water. DEHYDRATION=COMING TOGETHER |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when two monosaccharides break apart, and gain a molecule of water |
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Term
| true/false.... carbon atoms can bond together in straight chains, branched chains, or rings |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false..... large molecules containing carbon atoms are called micromolecules |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false....... proteins are complex polymers |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an example of hydrolosis? |
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Definition
| digestion, food breaks apart |
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Term
| what is the main function of all organic compounds? |
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Definition
| to build and mantain cell parts |
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