Term
| What do all living things have in common |
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Definition
organic composition
Carbs, Proteins, Lipids (fats), Nucleic Acids |
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Term
| How are all living things interdependent |
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Definition
| They rely on each other to live. |
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Term
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Definition
| sun-> producers-> consumers -> Decomposers |
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Term
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Definition
| make own food (plants and some bacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
Eat other things for food
(animals) |
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Term
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Definition
don't make food
chemically dismantle things
(bacteria and Fungi) |
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Term
| In what ways can chromosomes be changed structurally? What are the outcomes of each? |
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Definition
Deletion: loss of a chromosome segment
Duplication: extra gamete segment
Translocation: segment breaks off and is inserted into different chromosome
Inversion: segment breaks off and reinserts in same place but in reverse direction. |
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Term
| How can a chromosome number be changed in an offspring? |
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Definition
| caused by non-disjunction. (when one or more chromosomes fail to separate in Meiosis). 2 ways: homologous chromosomes fail to pull apart during Anaphase I OR sister chromatids fail to pull apart during Anaphase II. |
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Term
| What are examples of human disorders resulting from abnormal chromosome numbers? |
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Definition
| Downs Syndrome (called Trisomy for having 3 21st chromosomes) |
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Term
| What is Metabolism and what does it do for a cell? |
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Definition
| How cells transfer and use energy for all of the processes of life such as activities that build, store, and breakdown substances |
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Term
| How does a cell control all of the metabolic reactions needed to sustain life? |
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Definition
| Use metabolic pathways: sped up with enzymes, large substances broken down into smaller, lower energy products |
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Term
| What is the structure and function of enzymes? What do they do and how do they work? What affects them? |
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Definition
| Proteins that act as chemical catalysts. They speed up the process of metabolic reactions (without being consumed). Affected by cell environment such as: cell temperature and PH. |
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Term
| What is the ultimate source of energy for living things? How do living things get energy? How do they store it? |
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Definition
| Source: Sun. Get energy by consuming. Stored: don't know. organic tissues maybe. |
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Term
| What is ATP? Why is it so important in metabolism? |
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Definition
| Energy carrier. important to metabolism because it supplies all the energy needed to metabolize. |
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Term
| How do substances move across membranes? What are the processes? What affects the passage? |
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Definition
| Plasma membrane selects what comes in and out. Processes: Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Active Transport, or Diffusion. Affected by size. All requires energy. |
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Term
| What are the properties of membranes? |
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Definition
| Made up of lipids and proteins. protects the inner cell. |
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Term
| What is Osmosis? How does it work? Why is it so important to cells? |
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Definition
| diffusion on water through a semi-permeable membrane. important because it allows any solvent to dissolve in a cell. |
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Term
| What is Diffusion? How does it work? |
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Definition
| process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
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Term
| organization of living things |
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Definition
| molecule->cell->tissue->organ->organ system->indiviual->population->community->ecosystem->biome->biosphere |
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Term
| five kingdoms (examples)(what defines) |
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Definition
| monera(bacteria)(very different), protista(one cell org)(can eat or photo), plantae(plants)(photosynthesize), fungi(mushrooms)(decompose), animalia(animals)(eat all things) |
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Term
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Definition
| question, observe, hypothesize, predict, test, accept/reject, go back to testing of necessary. |
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Term
| why is hypothesis different from theories |
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Definition
| theories come from a hypothesis that cant be tested. |
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Term
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Definition
-all living things are composed of cells
-cell is basic unit of organization
-all cells come from preexisting cells |
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Term
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Definition
-eukaryotic (found in animals, plants fungi and protists..have NUCLEUS)
-Prokaryotic (found in Bacteria.. DONT have Nucelus) |
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Term
| what organelles within cells |
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Definition
| plasma membrane, cytosol/cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, chromatin, endomembrane system, mitochondria, chloroplasts (only in plants) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Factories" that make proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ER (membrane channel distributes proteins), golgi body (accepts new protein), lysosome (digestive proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| where energy is realeased from food |
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Term
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Definition
| unique to plant cells, performs photosynthesis |
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Term
| why is cell division important |
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Definition
| they are constantly dying, divide to make you grow, maintainence and repair, reproduction |
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Term
| nuclear division vs. cytokenesis |
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Definition
| nucleus and DNA divide vs. cytoplasm and ALL contents divide |
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Term
| what cells do mitosis and meiosis occur |
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Definition
mitosis - somatic cells (body cells)
meiosis - only in GERM cells (which become SEX cells) |
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Term
| stages of mitosis and meiosis |
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Definition
| prophase (DNA splits), metaphase (poles become established), anaphase (poles pull), telophase (DONE) |
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