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| all chemical rxns taking place in an organism |
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| non-carbon-based molecules such as water, oxygen and ammonia |
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| organic molecules that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
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| a group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules |
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| groups or molecules which attract water molecules |
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| a substance that causes a reaction but it is not considered a reactant |
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| smaller molecular units which make up the chains of polymers |
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| long chains made up of monomers |
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| each time a monomer is added to a chain, a water molecule is released; it involves removing or releasing water |
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| happens when water is used to break down polymers |
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| an organic compound made up of sugar molecules; contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the 1:2:1 ratio |
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| simple sugars containing just one sugar unit (example Glucose, fructose, and galactose) |
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| using the dydration reaction, cells construct this "double sugar" from two monosaccharides |
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| long polymer chains made up of simple sugar monomers; complex carbohydrates |
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| a polysaccharide found in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers |
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| a chain of many glucose monomers |
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| protects cells and stiffen the plant, preventing it from flopping over |
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| water avoiding compound which, as oil, is not able to mix with water |
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| water-avoiding molecules; "water fearing" |
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| consists of a three-carbon backbone called glycerol attached to three fatty acids, which contain long hydrocarbon chains |
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| a fat in which all three fatty acid cahins contain the maximun possible number of hydrogen atoms; solid at room temp. |
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| contains less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains because some of its carbon atoms are double-bonded to each other; liquid at room temp. |
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| a lipid molecule in which the carbon skelton forms four fused rings; hydrophobic |
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| a steroid taht is an essential molecule found in the membranes that surround your cells; starting point from which your body produces other steroids |
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| a plymer constructed from a set of just 20 kinds of monomers called amino acids; responsible of day to day funtion in organisms |
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| a monomer consisting of a central carbon atom bonded to four partners |
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| a chain which is created by proteins linking amino acids together; each link is created by dehydration reaction |
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| consists of one or more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and coiled into a unique shape |
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| the process which a protein unravels and loses its normal shape |
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| "start up" energy; it activates the reactants and triggers a chemical reaction |
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| compounds that speed up chemical reactions |
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| specialized proteins which are considered the main catalysts of chemical reations (esp. in body) |
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| a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme |
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| the region of the enzyme which the substrate fits into |
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