Term
|
Definition
| control center of the cell-contains chromosomes in eukaryotic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area in prokaryotic cell where large circular chromosomes are located. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in nucleus; site of ribosome synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large vacuole in plants that is kept tightly filled with liquid ; aids in support ,storage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Modifies, processes materials brought by vesicles ;also forms lysosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle that makes catalase ,detoxifies substances ,drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle that digest food ,damaged organelles,bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| powerhouse of cell; site of cellular respiration ; makes lots of ATP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal support structure of a cell ,allows organelle movement , used for cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures made of DNA +proteins ;genes located here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single membrane bound structure that carries materials around the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ER that makes lipids for membranes ,cholesterol, detoxifies compounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ER with ribosomes attached ; proteins made here go to the Golgi apparatus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short hair like projections of cytoskeleton, used for propulsion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long whip like projections of the cytoskeleton ,used got propulsion , sperm have these. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| green organelle that is site of photosynthesis ,converts sun energy to chemical energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made of RNA site of, controls protein synthesis , found on rough ER or in the cytoplasm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein filaments on outside of plasma membrane ; help stick animal cells together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short projection used to stick prokaryotic cells to surface or each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small circular piece of DNA in prokaryotes . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sticky goo outside of prokaryote cell wall that helps protect or hold in place. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms the back bone or framework of a cell membrane . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of organelles in a cell using the cytoskeleton as pathways. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, metabolism, nucleotides, proteins , RNA. |
|
|
Term
| Cells that have no nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a cell has no nucleus does that mean it has no DNA ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the cytoskeleton |
|
Definition
| organelle movement,cell movement,aids in cell division, maintenance of cell shape. |
|
|
Term
| which part of a phospholipid is hydrophollic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The surface of a cell membrane is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The interior of a cell membrane is ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the cell membrane flexible and not rigid? |
|
Definition
| Helps stuff pass through. |
|
|
Term
| what is the fluid mosaic model of the membrane structure? |
|
Definition
| fluid combination of phospholipids , cholesterol and proteins. |
|
|
Term
| why does a nucleus have such large pores in the double membrane surrounding it? |
|
Definition
| Permits the exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm . |
|
|
Term
| what is the destination of a secretory vesicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain statement: All your Mitochondria are from your mother. |
|
Definition
| Mitochondria DNA stays exactly the same from generation to generation and is passed only from mother to child. |
|
|
Term
| Rough ER looks bumpy because? |
|
Definition
| it has ribosomes attached to it . |
|
|
Term
| The Endo symbiosis theory states that organelle chloroplasts and mitochondria were once free living bacteria. Name three ways they are similar to free living organisms. |
|
Definition
| Protein synthesis,replication,sensitivity to antibiotics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plants,algae,bacteria, archae,fungi. |
|
|
Term
| if present cell walls are located? |
|
Definition
| outside of the plasma membrane of a cell . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is no net diffusion with out a concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For fish cells , freshwater is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do plant cells prefer their extra cellular fluid to be slightly hypotonic to their cells? |
|
Definition
| helps keep the central vacuole full -helps support cell/plant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Can move against a concentration gradient.-Requires ATP.-Very fast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Moves with the concentration gradient.-Slow. |
|
|
Term
| How is facilitated diffusion different than osmosis? |
|
Definition
| osmosis is diffusion of water across a membrane, facilitated is type of passive diffusion in which carried molecules are used to help certain molecules. |
|
|
Term
| example of active transport. |
|
Definition
| uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants. |
|
|
Term
| Do enzymes raise or lower kinetic energy needed for a reaction by making it easier for substrate bonds to be formed or broken. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do enzymes provide energy for a chemical reaction ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do enzymes permanently change in the reactions they catalyze? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do enzymes allow reactions to happen at higher or lower temps than would be possible without the. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does a denatured enzyme no longer catalyze a reaction? |
|
Definition
| shape change so the enzyme no longer works , may or may not be reversible , high heat destroys most enzymes. |
|
|
Term
| 3 ways cells control enzyme function. |
|
Definition
| enzyme production ,organize location, regulate catalytic power or enzymes molecules once made . |
|
|
Term
| Heat is a measure of what energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a chemical bond is an example of what energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is energy created or destroyed when a molecule is formed or broken up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when energy is converted from one form to another , the amount of useful energy will? The energy is usually changed into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does a exergonic or endergonic reaction release energy to break apart molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A reaction that uses energy to build larger molecules out of smaller molecules . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 function of membrane proteins? |
|
Definition
| -transport-enzymatic activity-signal transduction-intercellular joining-attachment to the cytoskeleton. |
|
|
Term
| 3 molecules that cross the membrane by passive transport? |
|
Definition
| O2/ions/amino acids/extracellular matrix. |
|
|
Term
| ATP carries energy in the form of ? between 2nd and 3rd ? in the molecule . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does ATP transfer energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What changes can this transfer cause in the target molecule? |
|
Definition
| Changes shape or may be able to break bond. |
|
|
Term
| Exocytosis moves large molecules or chunks of material in or out of a cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Entocytosis moves material in or out of a cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is entropy and why must cells battle against this? |
|
Definition
| Result of all energy conversions increase disorders and because all chemical reactions require initial input of energy (activation energy)to get started. |
|
|
Term
| If I eat a doughnut, what happens to the energy in the bonds of the organic molecule? |
|
Definition
| Most of the energy ends up in ATP |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of oxidation reduction reaction? |
|
Definition
| Transfer of one substance to another substance. |
|
|
Term
| speaking of cellular respiration as a whole what is oxidized and what is reduced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What the equation for aerobic cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
| C6H1206--->6CO2+6H2O+Energy. |
|
|
Term
| what is the most important molecule generated from cellular respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glycolysis and fermentation takes place in ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| electron transport and ATP synthase takes place in? |
|
Definition
| The membrane of the cristae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The intermembrane compartment of cristae. |
|
|
Term
| Glycolysis makes only how many ATP ? Does it need oxygen? |
|
Definition
| 2 ATP/Does not need oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| Glucose Split up into 2 of these molecules by glycolsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can the citric acid or kreb cycle use pyruvate(pyruvic acid)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to pyruvate from glycolsis? |
|
Definition
| enters mitochondria , ACETYL-CO-A is formed. |
|
|
Term
| How do NADH or FADH2 carry energy ?And what process uses this energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of cellular respiration produces most of the CO2 we are breathing out? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breakdown of one Glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen creates a theoretical total of how many ATP? is this total always reached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What directly powers the formation of ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is oxygen necessary for the ETC to function properly ? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. |
|
|
Term
| What reaction produces the heat that keeps you warm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organisms use lactic acid fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What molecules besides ATP is the final product of this fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organisms use alcoholic fermentation? what two molecules besides ATP are final products of this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a familiar eukaryotic organism that can use both cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process in cellular respiration do cyanide ,carbon monoxide and Rotenone affect? What process do dinitrophenols affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on earth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis is a what reaction?Where does the energy to run this reaction come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did photosynthesis allow aerobic organisms to develop on earth? |
|
Definition
| outcompeted anerobic ones. |
|
|
Term
| why is the ozone layer important? Was there one before photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| protects against UV rays/NO |
|
|
Term
| What is the photosynthesis equation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reactants and what are the products used in photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
Reactants:CO2/H2O
Products:C6H12O6/6O2 |
|
|
Term
| What are two uses for glucose in plants? |
|
Definition
| Fuel for cellular Respiration/Construct cell walls |
|
|
Term
| Which has the most energy: Ultraviolet radiation,infrared radiation,or visible red light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Light energy excites electrons in what molecules in the thylakoid membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NADPH carries energy in the form of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The colors you see in a leaf or a cats coat represent the wavelengths of light that have been ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the chloroplast are the pigments located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two accessory pigments that may be used in photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does it benefit a photosynthetic organism to have more than one type of accessory pigment ? |
|
Definition
| absorbs light that offers pigments missed or left behind. |
|
|
Term
| what two molecules makes up a reaction center? |
|
Definition
| Chylorophyll A/Primary electron acceptor |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the reaction center? |
|
Definition
| To move chylorophyll A to ETC |
|
|
Term
| How do O2 and CO2 get in and out of a leaf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Light reactions occur in what part of a chloroplast ? Where do Calvin cycle reactions occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme makes ATP?Where is it located? What powers this enzyme? |
|
Definition
| ATP synthase/Mitochondria and Thylakoid membrane/Hydrogen Ions |
|
|
Term
| how is the hydrogen Ion gradient in the interior of the thylakoids created and maintained? |
|
Definition
|
|
