Term
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Definition
| All organisms use "" to extract energy from organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of electrons that are accompanied by hydrogen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When nad accepts 2 electrons and 1 proton, it becomes ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The goal of respiration is to |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of respiration occurs when the final electron receptor is Oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of respiration occurs when the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Final electron acceptor is an organic molecule is known as ? |
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Term
1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. krebs cycle
4. electron transport chain &
Chemiosmosis |
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Definition
| The 4 stages of Oxidation of glucose are? |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of reactions are used to transfer electrons to generate atp |
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Term
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Definition
| Where does Glycolysis take place? |
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Term
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Definition
| In the presence of oxygen, "" oxidized |
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Term
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Definition
| Where does Pyruvate oxidation occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for the Kreb's cycle is |
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Term
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Definition
| A four carbon compound, which combines with a 2 carbon acetyl group during the citric acid cycle. |
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Term
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Another name for the electron transport chain is |
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Term
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Definition
| The " " is a series of membrane bound electron carriers, embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| A proton gradient is formed within the? |
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Term
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Definition
| A membrane bound enzyme that uses the energy of the proton gradient to syntesize atp from adp + Pi |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of the atp synthase is referred to as ? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is responsible for the regulation of aerobic respiration |
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Term
| Methanogens, and sulfur bacteria |
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Definition
| What two forms of anaerobic respiration were discussed in this class? |
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Term
| Ethanol fermentation , Lactic acid fermentation. |
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Definition
| What two types of fermentation were discussed in this class? |
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Term
| Lactic acid fermentation. |
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Definition
| Which type of fermentation is responsible for that soreness feeling in your muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| These are used as energy sources in absence of external nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme that hydolyzes a protein to amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of amino group from amino acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of amino group from one amino acid to an alpha Keto acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxidation of inorganic molecules is carried out by? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of total of all the genetic information in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What forms to divide cells into 2 cells? |
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Term
| Replication beings at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally, literally splits in half. |
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Definition
| What happens in binary fission |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex of DNA and proteins? |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatin that is not expressed? |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatin that is expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| Dna wrapped around the a core of 8 histone proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| The scaffolding proteins that maintain chromosome structure |
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Term
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Definition
| about 5 or more nucleosomes coil to create a |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex of proteins holding replicated chromosomes together at their "kinetochore |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 copies of the chromosome within the replicated chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The area where Microtubules are going to come in and pull the chromatins apart |
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Term
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Definition
| The particular array of chromosomes of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Interphase has 3 sub components, they are? |
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Term
| No dna replication, Cells are growing. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic of the s phase |
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Term
| Increased synthesis of proteins, mitochondria, other organelles. |
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Definition
| Main characteristic of g2 |
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Term
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Definition
| The estbalishment of Microtubule-organizing centers begin forming in what phase |
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Term
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Definition
| The microtubule cells structures in animal cells? |
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Term
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Early prophase , the nuclear membrane starts to ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sister chromatids become clearly evident in what phase? |
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Term
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Definition
| Constricted region of a chromosome? |
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Term
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Definition
| Microtubules bind to what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Microtubule structures formed in g2 phase are now referred to as ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Clustering arrangement of microtubules are called ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up along the |
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Term
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Definition
| " " extent from poles to equatorial region |
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Term
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Definition
| The microtubules extend from poles to the kinetochores |
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Term
| The chromatids actually start moving. |
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Definition
| Characteristic of anaphase? |
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Term
| Chromosomes arrive at the the poles. Also, Nuclear membrane beings to form again. |
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Definition
| Characteristic of telophase? |
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Term
| Cell plate/cleavage furrow |
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Definition
| The division of cytoplasm to yield 2 daughter cells produced a ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which phase is known as the resting phase? |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the cells that exist, are usually in what phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollen & other allergens in air stimulate your body to produce molecules such as |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflmation, mucus secretion, vasodilation are all caused by ? |
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Term
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Definition
| Antihistamines are an example of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| The signaling molecule is called a? |
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Term
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Definition
| The molecule to which the receptor binds |
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Term
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Definition
| The events within the cell that occur in response to a signal |
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Term
1. direct contact
2. paracrine signaling
3. endocrine signaling
4. synaptic signaling |
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Definition
| 4 basic mechanisms of cell communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules on the surface of one cell are recognized by receptors on the adjacent cell, this is referred to as? |
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Term
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Definition
| signal released from a cell has an effect on neighboring cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones released from a cell affect other cells throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cells release the signal which binds to receptors on nearby cells |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that adds a phosphate to a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that removes a phosphate from a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of recptor that is located within the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The type of receptor located on the plasma membrane to bind a ligand outside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| ion channel that opens in response to a ligand |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor is an enzyme or is directly linked to an enzyme |
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Term
| G Protein-coupled receptor |
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Definition
| Receptor that acts indirectly on enzymes or ion channels with the aid of a G-protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that binds GTP and assists in transmitting the signal |
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Term
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Definition
| Signal receptors within the nucleus |
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Term
| Mitogen activating protein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chemical that stimulates cell divison by activating the normal pathways that control division |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of protein kinases that posphorylate each other in succession |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that organize that components of a kinase cascade into a single protein complex |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells within a tissue are connected to each other by |
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Term
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Definition
| " " Creates sheets of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| " " connect the cytoskeleton of adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| permit small molecules to pass between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Gap junctions are to animal cells, as " " is to plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of attachments between cells? |
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