Term
|
Definition
| Very small. Surface Area to Volume Rule |
|
|
Term
| Surface Area to Volume Rule |
|
Definition
Cells maximize the SA:V ratio so they can efficiently transport materials in & out
Higher SA & Lower V=Easier to move things in and out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General Idea accepted to be true based on evidence
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic of structure and function in organisms
All cells come from pre-existing cells |
|
|
Term
| Example of Prokaryotic Cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of Eukarotic Cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Components all Cells have
1.
2.
3. |
|
Definition
Cell membrane/ Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
DNA |
|
|
Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Nucleus?
Nuceoid Region?
Membrane bound organelles?
Single Celled? |
|
Definition
No nucleus
Have "nucleoid region"
No membrane bound organelles
Single Celled |
|
|
Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus?
Nuceoid Region?
Membrane bound organelles?
Single Celled? |
|
Definition
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Single cell or multicellular
Canalsobe?? |
|
|
Term
Cytoskeleton Define then say what it does
1.
2.
3.
All made up of _____ |
|
Definition
Hold up shape of cell
Microfiloments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules
Proteins |
|
|
Term
| Microfiloments, Intermediate Filaments, Microtubules |
|
Definition
Act as anchors for organelles
Give structure to cells
Help cells move |
|
|
Term
Microtubules
Made up of?
Form?
Help? |
|
Definition
Tubulin Protein
Tracks that organelles can move along
chromosomes move during cell division |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulls DNA from middle to two sides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tail
Help cells move
Can helps move other things for them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tiny hair
Help cells move
Can helps move other things for them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transport or movement of molecules that does not need energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measurement of how concentration of something changes from one place to another.
When there is a difference
Can't be at equilibrium
State |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| State where there is no net movement |
|
|
Term
Diffusion is affected by:
1
2
3 |
|
Definition
Temperature
Size of molecules
The steepness of concentration gradient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion of water ONLY across a membrane |
|
|
Term
Low Solute= ____ Water
High Solute= ____ Water |
|
Definition
Low Solute= High Water
HIgh Solute= Low Water |
|
|
Term
Hypertonic
Higher or Lower? |
|
Definition
When solutions have unequal SOLUTE concentrations
The higher SOLUTE concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When solutions have unequal SOLUTE concentrations
The lower SOLUTE concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If solute concentrations are equal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serves as a protective mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much water and possibly exploding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasmolysis is the process in plant cells where the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Turgor Pressure is the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria cells, determined by the water content of the vacuole, resulting from osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When cells burst from too much water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same SOLUTE concentration as that of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Double Membrane Organelles
1.
2.
3.
What's special about them? |
|
Definition
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
They all have their own DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Control Center for the Cell that holds the DNA code in the form of chromatin or chromosomes |
|
|
Term
How many chromosomes do human's have
What is the one that makes males, male? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where the ribosome RNAs are made |
|
|
Term
Chloroplast
Found in?
Collects?
Makes? |
|
Definition
Found only in Protists and Plants
Far better at collecting solar energy than any solar cell that humans have invented so far
Makes Glucose using the Sun’s energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stack of "coins" in chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One "coin" in chloroplast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Folds inside mitochondria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitochondrion brakes down parts of _____ to make _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Theory of how eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes
(When the cells like ate the other ones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a cell membrane closes on itself making a bubble |
|
|
Term
| Single membrane organelles |
|
Definition
Endomembrane/Cytomembrane System
Similar environments to outside cell |
|
|
Term
Rough ER Has? Along the?
Builds?
Modifies?
Folds Called? |
|
Definition
Has ribosomes. Along the cytosolic side of membrane
Membrane
Proteins made by ribosomes
Cisternae |
|
|
Term
| Smooth ER Makes _____ and ______ Stores? Breaks down? Detoxifies? |
|
Definition
Does not have ribosomes
Makes Lipids and hormones
Stores Calcium Ions
Toxins Alcohol |
|
|
Term
Golgi/Golgi bodies
Organizes the _____ and _____ that come from the ___
_____/______s them if needed
_____ them to their destination in _______ |
|
Definition
Organizes proteins and lipids that come to it from the ER’s
Modifies/Labels them if needed
Sends them on their way to their destination in vesicles! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small membrane “bubbles” that carry materials to their destination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small vacuoles store food in plant and animal cells
Plants have a large permanent central vacuole that stores water and ions |
|
|
Term
| Only ______ have large central vacuoles that store water and other nutrients |
|
Definition
| Only plants have large central vacuoles that store water and other nutrients |
|
|
Term
Secretory Protein's Path
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. |
|
Definition
Info from DNA-
Info in RNA-
Ribsomes make protein
Rough ER modifies proteins
Smooth ER sends protein in vesicle to
Golgi body
Sends vesicle to destination |
|
|
Term
Found only in plant cells
1
2
3 |
|
Definition
Cell Walls
Chlorplasts
Central Vacuole |
|
|
Term
Found only in animal cells
1.
Define the abbreviated word |
|
Definition
| Centriole/Centrosome/MTOC-microtubule organizing center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made 1st hand held microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coined the term cells. Made an improved microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypothesized that plant cells were independent subunits of the whole plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stated both animals and plants are made up of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells only arise from pre-existing cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channels in the primary cell in which the cell wall of plants interconnect cell cytoplasm so substances can flow uninterrupted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Link animal epithelial cells lining body cavities and organs to stop fluid from passing between cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Join cells into tissues in locations where they need such as skin and heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Link to cytoplasm of neighboring cells similar to plamodesmata in plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell brings in material from the outside into a vesicle that separates from the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
|
Definition
| Uses receptor to identify the foods it wants to eat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell that does a lot of eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell expels unwanted material from a vesicle that fuses with cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion that only occurs when there is a helper protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channels that molecules move through with no "door" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide passageways through the plasma membrane for certain molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facilitated diffusion in opposite direction. Needs energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of protein that actively transports materials across a cell membrane that would not otherwise allow this to occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carrier that moves only one protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carrier that carries two different things protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carrier that moves two things in opposite directions |
|
|
Term
Sodium potassium pump
Define |
|
Definition
| An active transport mechanism |
|
|
Term
| _____ ______ molecules travel easily through membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Passive Transport
Types:1.
2.
3.
Direction
___ Concentration Gradient |
|
Definition
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion
High----Low
Down concentration gradient |
|
|
Term
Active Transport
Requires?
Type
Direction
___ Concentration Gradient |
|
Definition
ATP
Active Transport
Low----High
Up concentration gradient |
|
|
Term
Secondary Active Transport
Depends on ____ ______ that is already ____ _____ |
|
Definition
| Depends on Active Transport that is already using ATP |
|
|
Term
| Lipids with saturated fatty acids makes membrane _____ ______. Causing ____ to flow______ |
|
Definition
| Lipids with saturated fatty acids makes membrane less fluid. Causing things to flow less |
|
|
Term
| Lipids with unsaturated fatty acids makes membrane ____ ______. Causing ____ to flow____ |
|
Definition
| Lipids with unsaturated fatty acids makes membrane more fluid. Causing things to flow more |
|
|
Term
Lipid Rafts
Define
Makes membrane ______ ______ |
|
Definition
When sphingolipids stick together.
Makes membrane less fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduce fluidity at normal temperatures |
|
|
Term
Peripheral Proteins
Location/Define
Example |
|
Definition
Stuck to the surface of the membrane
Cell signaling proteins |
|
|
Term
Integral membrane Proteins
Location/Define
Example |
|
Definition
Proteins that have some hydrophobic amino acids and are at least partway into the membrane layer
Some Signaling molecules |
|
|
Term
Transmembrane Proteins
Location/Define
Examples |
|
Definition
Integral proteins that pass all the way through.
Transport proteins, channels |
|
|
Term
| Amino Acids near the HEADS of LIPIDS tend to be ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amino Acids near the TAILS of LIPIDS tend to be ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glycolipids
Define
Used for ____ _____ |
|
Definition
Sugar attached to lipid
Used for identification purposes |
|
|
Term
Glycoproteins
Define
Used for ____ _____ |
|
Definition
Sugar attached to protein
Used for identification purposes |
|
|
