Term
| Different versions of a gene |
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Definition
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Term
| Masks or covers up an allele |
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Definition
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Term
| These alleles are covered up |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the combination of alleles a person has |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the physical appearance of protein function |
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Definition
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Term
| both alleles are the same |
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Definition
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Term
| both alleles are different |
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Definition
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Term
| Heterozygous individuals have the same phenotype as homozygous dominant |
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Definition
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Term
| Heterozygous individuals are a mix of the two homozygous phenotypes |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the squares mean on a punnet spuare? circles? when they are filled in? |
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Definition
| Squares means that it is a boy, circles mean that it is a girl, and filled in means that it is the affected individual |
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Term
| If your grandparents are the P generation then who is the F1 generation? F2 generation? |
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Definition
| F1 generation is my parents. F2 generation is me and my brothers and sisters |
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Term
| This is a recessive disease where a thick mucus lines the lungs and is often fatal |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a recessive disease where the person is born without an immune system and is often fatal. It is cured with gene therapy and stem cells |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a recessive disease where the person is born without an uterus and has an x and y chromosome. They end up developing as femaies |
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Definition
| AIS (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome) |
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Term
| A dominant disease where there is a brain degeneration and is often a fatal disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Disease where the person is unable to make hemoglobin and is sensitive to light. Has a malformed face, hands, feet, and teeth. Teeth and nails are stained red. Crave red meat. This is where the myth of vampires comes from. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where the myth of ware wolves come from. The disease consist of excessive hair growth, deformed teeth, and is dominant. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between complete and incomplete dominance? |
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Definition
| With complete dominance the individual has the same phenotype as homozygous dominant and with incomplete dominance the individual has a mix of 2 homozygous phenotypes |
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Term
| This is a recessive disease where the hemoglobin protein carries oxygen in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| How are some genetic diseases being treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during fertilization? |
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Definition
| A haploid egg and haploid sperm fuse to make a diploid zygote |
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Term
| What is the controversy on using stem cells? |
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Definition
| The stem cells come from early embryos and stem cells require cloning so it's an argument of ethics |
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Term
| this type of cell divides and makes one kind of cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells that become many types of specialized cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Three characteristics of stem cells |
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Definition
| Can become many types, can divide forever, and when they divide they produce 1 specialized cell and 1 stem cell |
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Term
| What do stem cells do in the body? |
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Definition
| They are a source of fresh cells and each tissue has stem cells to refresh the supply of cells |
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Term
| What are four steps scientist use to cultivate stem cells? |
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Definition
| Obtain the stem cell from the adult tissue or blastocyst, grow them into cultures, add growth factors, and insert specialized cells into patient |
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Term
| What are stem cells used for? |
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Definition
| Cures diseases, replaces damaged or mutated cells, and some diseases are near a treatment |
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Term
| This type of stem cell is limited in the type of specialized cell they can make, is harder to harvest, cost more, available throughout life, and has a less chance of rejection |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of stem cell is not limited in the type of cells they can make, easy to harvest, cost less, available for limited of time, has less of a chance of mutation, more controversial, and more likely to be rejected |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a protein that sits on a promoter and blocks transcription |
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Definition
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Term
| This is necessary for transcription and for an enzyme to bind to a promoter and removes a repressor from a promoter |
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Definition
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Term
| Three differences between mRNA and DNA |
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Definition
| mRNA= single stranded, makes ribose, and consist of A,C,G, U and DNA= double stranded, makes deoxyribose, and consist of A,T,C, G |
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Term
| Where does transcription occur in the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does translation occur in the cells |
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Definition
| On the ribosomes outside of the nucleus |
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Term
| Where do the proteins come from used in DNA and mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a restriction enzyme? How is it used in Recombinant DNA? |
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Definition
| Protein made by bacteria. It cuts the plasmid in the Recombinant DNA process |
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Term
| What is Recombinant DNA technology? What are the steps? |
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Definition
| A process used to make GMO's. First the gene is isolated. Next the restriction enzyme cuts the plasmid. Then the gene is fused with the plasmid. Lastly the organism is transformed with Recombinant DNA |
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Term
| Rings of DNA found in bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Recombinant of DNA that never existed |
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Definition
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Term
| Organism with foreign genes inserted into their sequence |
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Definition
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Term
| This process involves inserting foreign DNA into the cells so the organism will have a new gene, protein, and function |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we have genetically modified plants, bacteria, and animals? |
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Definition
| Bacteria has an oil eating enzyme for oil spills, they make hormones, and vaccines. Plants are given resistance to heat/cold, drought/flood, pest, herbicides, and toxins. Pigs are given a spinach gene to produce healthier fat, Glofish detect pollution, and Bull produce medicine in milk |
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Term
| Toxin-tolerant organisms to clean up pollution |
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Definition
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Term
| Controversy behind GMO's? |
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Definition
| They are a possible source of allergies, crossing of crops, killing non-target species, loss of genetic diversity, and Big Agro companies controlling economic and political decisions |
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Term
| Why do some cells undergo meoisis? |
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Definition
| To make gametes and increase diversity |
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Term
| What is the difference between diploid and haploid? |
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Definition
| Diploid makes two copies of a chromosome while haploid makes one copy of a chromosome |
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Term
| What type of cells are produced from the diploid cell during meiosis and how many are made? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
| DNa replication is the same but meiosis has a 1st cell division and 2nd cell division |
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Term
| What are the steps of meiosis? |
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Definition
| DNA replication, 1st cell division which requires crossing over and random assortment, and the 2nd cell division where the sister chromatids separate into 4 haploid chromosomes |
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Term
| two ways variation is added to life |
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Definition
| Crossing over and random assortment which both occur in first cell division |
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Term
| Each gamete gets 1 homologous chromosome and which one they get is random...this process is known as ... |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA sections are exchanged by homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 purposes of meiosis ? |
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Definition
| Cell division to make gametes, reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, increase diversity, and used in fertilization |
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Term
| Vast majority and primary stem cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Can make any kind of cell and blastocyst is the early source of it |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cloning has been outlawed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Took diploid somatic skin cell and haploid egg cell, take the nucleus out of the egg cell, fuse the de-nucleated egg cell and the somatic skin cell, embryo is produced and placed in surrogate mother |
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Term
| DNA from a diseased egg is transferred into a healthy egg that's had its DNA removed |
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Definition
| Gametic Cell Nuclear Transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| Cheap way to copy inexpensive GMO's, revive endangered or extinct species, and making copies of prized animals |
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Term
| Birth of a new individual with cloning |
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Definition
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Term
| Harvest stem cells from the clone instead of inserting in surrogate mother |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ways caffeine works in the human body? |
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Definition
| Increases dopamine, speeds up movements and impulses, increases physical performance, decreases drowsiness, and increases seratonin levels and improves mood |
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Term
| What are some side effects of caffeine? |
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Definition
| Muscle twitching, nervousness, anxiety and heart palpitations |
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Term
| What are some sources of caffeine? |
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Definition
| Redbull, chocolate, coffee |
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Term
| Why is combining alcohol and caffeine dangerous? |
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Definition
| Can cause alcohol poisoning, heart damage, caffeine keeps you awake, and doesn't lessen alcohol effects |
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Term
| Where do we get herbal remedies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are herbal remedies and substances used in modern science? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are herbal remedies safer than over the counter prescriptions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Is it illegal to use ESC in MO? |
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Definition
| Yes it is illegal to isolate them, but not research them |
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Term
| From who is it illegal to obtain ESC? Is it illegal to use them? |
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Definition
| Anyone professors and researcher at an University funded by the government. It is illegal to use them |
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Term
| How do identical twins compare to clones |
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Definition
| Identical twins will be more similar to their DNA donor than a clone. They are usually the same age, raised in the same environment, with similar nutrition |
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Term
| If you were cloned today, how would your clone compare to you in age, DNA/genes, memories, physical appearance, and personality? |
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Definition
| The clone would be younger since they are just born, they would have identical DNA and genes, the clone creates its own memories, the clone would appear physically identical except for where the environment plays a role |
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Term
| If the protein sequence changes does the DNA sequence change |
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Definition
| It may change, but a mutation will cause the same amino acid to be put in place so that all is good and the protein will not change |
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Term
| Which has the fewest monomers out of a DNA chain, RNA strand, and protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| The SRY gene signals for the formation of what organ? |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of diploid cells just landed and embedded in the mother's uterus. At this stage, what is this mass of cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ starts functioning the earliest within the developing child? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hair-like structures help the placenta function by grabbing oxygen and other nutrients from the mother's blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do identical twins form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of they body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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