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| balls of capillaries inside bowmans capsule that receives plasma also the site of filtration |
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| receive, encode, and transmit info |
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| support and orient neurons, provide nutrients, consume particles, communicate with gap junctions |
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cell body (nucleus and organelle)
axon (carries info away from body)
dendrite (receives info)
axon terminals (release neurotansmitters) |
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| made of schwann cells type of glial cell wraps around axon for electrical insulation |
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| contribute to blood brain barrier that protects brain from toxins by surrounding smallest blood vessels in brain Alcohol permeable and anesthetics |
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| sensory neuron - motor neuron - muscle cell |
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| difference in voltage across plasma membrane of neuron |
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| unstimulated neuron - 60 milivolts |
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| 1-2 miliseconds inside of cell more positive than outside |
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| action potentials that travel along axons |
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| charged ions (na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+) |
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| releases Na+ for K+ that are outside cell keeps [K+] inside greater than extracellular fluid & [Na] inside less than outside |
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| chemically gated channels |
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Definition
| depends on specific molecule that binds to protein receptor |
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| Na+ channels open, enter Na+, more positive overall charge |
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| Cl- channels open, Cl- moves in, more negative cell |
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Definition
Normal
1. Na channels close, K+ stay open longer to take excess charge out
2. cant respond for another 1-2 miliseconds
Refractory period time interval after action potential |
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| used giant squid to study electrical properties of axomal membranes "patch clamping" isolated patches of membrane and showed opening/closing of channel |
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| gaps in myelin wrapping where auxin is exposed with ion clusters AP at node, jumps to next node via saltaoy conduction |
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| electric current through cytoplasm not channels |
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| where are messages exchanged at |
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| sends message to post synaptic cell and neurons that made them |
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| synapses between muscle cells and neurons that moove them |
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| neurotransmitter used by all vertebrate motor neurons, releases when vescle fuses with presynaptic membrane |
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Definition
| post synaptic neuron responds to chemical stimulus by depolarizing |
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Definition
| post synaptic neuron hyperpolarizes |
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| derivative of amino acids (serotonin and dopamine) |
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