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Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell. |
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Definition
| Fluid inside the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Responsible for protein synthesis; composed of RNA and proteins. |
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Definition
| Defining feature of Eukaryotic cells; contains DNA. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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Definition
| Membrane; secreted protein synthesis. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| Drug detoxification; lipid synthesis. |
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Definition
| Chemically alters proteins; transports proteins for export or plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| Acidic vesicle full of digestive enzymes; fuses with endosomes to breakdown organic molecules. |
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Definition
| Membrane-bound sacs; transfers contents throughout the cell. |
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Definition
| Gives shape to the cell; network of protein fibers; essential for the separation of chromosomes. |
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Definition
| "Powerhouse" of cell; converts chemical energy to ATP. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Storage; maintains water balance; keeps cells rigid. |
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Definition
| Stores starch and pigments. |
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Term
| Cilia & Eukaryotic Flagella |
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Definition
| Extensions of plasma membrane; move cell through fluid; sweep debris away; anchored to cell via microtubules. |
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Term
| Pili & Prokaryotic Flagella |
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Definition
Pili -- enhance cell adhesion; protein structures that stick out from cell.
Flagella -- long protein tail that propels cell forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rigid structure surrounding the plasma membrane. |
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Term
| 6 Elements that Make Up Most Organic Molecules in Cells |
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Definition
| CHNOPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfer.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Educated guess; based on intuition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensively tested; able to be reproduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parameter being manipulated/tested; what is being hypothesized to influence the dependent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Affected by the independent variable; what is measured by the experiment; reflects the influence of the independent variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is kept constant throughout the experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminates the influence of the independent variable or sets it to a standard value. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two atoms fused together by a bond. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical bond between oppositely charged ions. (CHNOPS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed between uncharged atoms that share electrons (polar or nonpolar). |
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Term
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Definition
| Unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond (Ex. H2O); hydrophillic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Equal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond; hydrophobic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capable of dissolving a solid, liquid, or gas. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Important energy source for most organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrophobic; fats; energy storage molecules; long chains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical process that adds hydrogen to an unsaturated oil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unsaturated; modified in a manufacturing plant. (Double bonded; not symmetrical.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit that retains the properties of life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spreading of something more widely. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The minor component in a solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solution with the same osmotic pressure as blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| More pressure outside; RBC's expand and burst. |
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Term
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Definition
| More pressure inside; RBC's shrink. |
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Term
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Definition
| The taking in of matter by a living cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell releases matter; opposite of endocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Without a nucleus; bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| With nucleus; plant and animal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| One symbiotic organism lives inside another. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Energy stored in molecules, released by chemical reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds holding atoms together. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| Energy changes reduce the order of the universe. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unstable molecule that easily captures and releases energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial energy required to start a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that regulate all reactions in cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule on which an enzyme acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area where the substrate binds and chemical reaction takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulatory site on enzymes other than the active site. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to the enzyme's active site and competes for binding with substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds at a site other than the active site and does not compete with the substrate. |
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