Term
| the last stage of cellular respiration, in which the most ATP is produced, is: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some outputs of glycosis? |
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Definition
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Term
match the typical ATP production of the different steps of cellular respiration:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid
ETC
2 ATP
34 ATP
4 ATP (2 as a net gain) |
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Definition
Glycolysis – 4 ATP (2 as a net gain)
Citric Acid – 2 ATP
ETC – 34 ATP |
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Term
| the prepatory steps, the citric acid cycle, and the elctron transport chain occur inside the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is produced during cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are inputs of cellular respiration AND outputs of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| the phase of ceullular respiration that takes place outside of the mitochondrion, does not require the presence of oxygen, and produces two ATP molecules is called _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| list the steps of lactic acid fermentation in order from when glujcose enters the process: |
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Definition
2 ATP are invested
NADP is produced
4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP
Pyruvate is produced
NADP gives up electrons and hydrogens to another molecule
Lactic acid is produced |
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Term
| if 1 molecule of glucose produces 1- molecules of NADP and 2 molecules of FADH2, how much ATP is produced in the ETC? |
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Definition
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Term
| fermentation is used by cells when _____ is not present |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the reactants for cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| cellular respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What carriers are produced during the citric acid cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| list the steps of glycosis from the point at which glucose enters until the point |
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Definition
2 ATP transfer phosphate groups to substrates.
G3P is produced
NADH is produced
4 ATP |
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Term
| where, specifically, does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur? |
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Definition
| Matrix of the mitochondria |
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Term
| glycolysis and the citric acid cycle each have a net ATP production of: |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of oxygen needed to metabolize lactate is referred to as the oxygen ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, electrons are passed from one molecule to the next. As the lectrons move down the chain their energy levels change from a _______ energy level to a ______ energy level. |
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Definition
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Term
| the two steps of glycolysis: |
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Definition
| The energy-investment step and the energy-harvesting step |
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Term
| the enzyme ATP synthase is located on the mitochondrion’s ______ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration. |
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Definition
| Glucose + Oxygen yields carbon dioxide and water + energy |
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Term
| before being used for energy during cellular respiration, into what two parts are an amino acid broken? |
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Definition
| Ammonia and hydrocarbon backbone |
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Term
| the inputs into the citric acid cycle are ____ |
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Definition
FAD
NAD+
ADP
C2 Acetyl group |
|
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Term
| explain how the movement of electrons down the etc produces ATP? |
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Definition
| As the electrons move down the ETC their energy causes H+ to be pumped across the inner membrane and the concentration gradient stores energy. |
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Term
| in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, electrons are passed from one molecule to the next. As the electrons move down the chain their energy levels change from a ____ energy level to a ____ energy level. |
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Definition
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Term
| the intermembrane space is found ___ |
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Definition
| Between the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondrion |
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Term
| in cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized? |
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Definition
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Term
| fats and oils are processed before they enter cellular respiration and are broken down into ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ATP is produced as _____ ions move through ATP synthase |
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Definition
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Term
| once they give up electrons, NADH and FADH2 become ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| during the preparatory reactions, how many molecules of CO2 are produced per glucose molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the end product of fermentation in yeasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. During cellular respiration, the breakdown of ____ releases a great deal of ____ that is then used by the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. During the four stages of cellular respiration, energy is released when the _____ of glucose are broken down and then used to make the energy molecule ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. Cellular respiration is a(n) ______ in which glucose is _____ to form carbon dioxide and oxygen is _____ to form water |
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Definition
| Redox reaction; oxidized; reduced |
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Term
| The chemical equation for cellular respiration is essentially the reverse equation of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells obtain energy by ______ food molecules such as glucose. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the reduction of the coenzyme NAD+? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hydrogen atom consists of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| NADH serves as an electron carrier that can donate its hydrogen to other molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| In glycolysis, glucose is converted to ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The NET result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is converted to: |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of _____ breaks down glucose under anaerobic conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. Bacteria uses fermentation and can produce an organic acid, like ____, or an ______ and CO2, depending on the type of bacterium. |
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Definition
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Term
| In athletes, _____ is reduced to lactate during fermentation, which can lead to muscle “burn.” |
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Definition
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Term
| Another byproduct of fermentation in some yeasts is _____, which makes bread rise. |
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Definition
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Term
| Instead of lactate, ______ _____ is a byproduct of fermentation in some yeasts and is used to make beverages such as beer and wine, |
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Definition
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Term
| Before entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is converted to ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A single ‘turn’ of the citric acid cycle will yield: |
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Definition
| 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 |
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Term
| The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the enzyme used to synthesize ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport system initially belonged to _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| When oxygen accepts electrons, water is produced as a byproduct. |
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Definition
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